摇头丸能增强情感共鸣和亲社会行为。
MDMA enhances emotional empathy and prosocial behavior.
作者信息
Hysek Cédric M, Schmid Yasmin, Simmler Linda D, Domes Gregor, Heinrichs Markus, Eisenegger Christoph, Preller Katrin H, Quednow Boris B, Liechti Matthias E
机构信息
Psychopharmacology Research Group, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland, Laboratory for Biological and Personality Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany, Department of Psychology, Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, CB21TN Cambridge, UK, Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria, and Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
Psychopharmacology Research Group, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland, Laboratory for Biological and Personality Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany, Department of Psychology, Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, CB21TN Cambridge, UK, Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria, and Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland Psychopharmacology Research Group, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland, Laboratory for Biological and Personality Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany, Department of Psychology, Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, CB21TN Cambridge, UK, Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria, and Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
出版信息
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2014 Nov;9(11):1645-52. doi: 10.1093/scan/nst161. Epub 2013 Oct 4.
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'ecstasy') releases serotonin and norepinephrine. MDMA is reported to produce empathogenic and prosocial feelings. It is unknown whether MDMA in fact alters empathic concern and prosocial behavior. We investigated the acute effects of MDMA using the Multifaceted Empathy Test (MET), dynamic Face Emotion Recognition Task (FERT) and Social Value Orientation (SVO) test. We also assessed effects of MDMA on plasma levels of hormones involved in social behavior using a placebo-controlled, double-blind, random-order, cross-over design in 32 healthy volunteers (16 women). MDMA enhanced explicit and implicit emotional empathy in the MET and increased prosocial behavior in the SVO test in men. MDMA did not alter cognitive empathy in the MET but impaired the identification of negative emotions, including fearful, angry and sad faces, in the FERT, particularly in women. MDMA increased plasma levels of cortisol and prolactin, which are markers of serotonergic and noradrenergic activity, and of oxytocin, which has been associated with prosocial behavior. In summary, MDMA sex-specifically altered the recognition of emotions, emotional empathy and prosociality. These effects likely enhance sociability when MDMA is used recreationally and may be useful when MDMA is administered in conjunction with psychotherapy in patients with social dysfunction or post-traumatic stress disorder.
3,4-亚甲基二氧甲基苯丙胺（摇头丸，“迷魂药”）可释放血清素和去甲肾上腺素。据报道，摇头丸会产生共情和亲社会情感。目前尚不清楚摇头丸是否真的会改变共情关注和亲社会行为。我们使用多维度共情测试（MET）、动态面部表情识别任务（FERT）和社会价值取向（SVO）测试来研究摇头丸的急性效应。我们还采用安慰剂对照、双盲、随机顺序、交叉设计，对32名健康志愿者（16名女性）进行了研究，评估摇头丸对参与社会行为的血浆激素水平的影响。摇头丸增强了男性在MET中的显性和隐性情感共情，并增加了男性在SVO测试中的亲社会行为。摇头丸在MET中并未改变认知共情，但在FERT中损害了对包括恐惧、愤怒和悲伤面孔在内的负面情绪的识别，尤其是在女性中。摇头丸增加了血浆皮质醇和催乳素水平，这两种物质是血清素能和去甲肾上腺素能活动的标志物，同时还增加了与亲社会行为有关的催产素水平。总之，摇头丸对情绪识别、情感共情和亲社会性有性别特异性的改变。当摇头丸用于娱乐时，这些效应可能会增强社交能力，并且在对患有社会功能障碍或创伤后应激障碍的患者进行心理治疗时联合使用摇头丸可能会有帮助。
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