Zhao Mei-Wei, Duan Cheng-Li, Liu Jiang
College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
Dongwuxue Yanjiu. 2013 Oct;34(5):509-18.
Systematic reverse-engineering of functional genome architecture requires precise modifications of gene sequences and transcription levels. The development and application of transcription activator-like effectors(TALEs) has created a wealth of genome engineering possibilities. TALEs are a class of naturally occurring DNA-binding proteins found in the plant pathogen Xanthomonas species. The DNA-binding domain of each TALE typically consists of tandem 34-amino acid repeat modules rearranged according to a simple cipher to target new DNA sequences. Customized TALEs can be used for a wide variety of genome engineering applications, including transcriptional modulation and genome editing. Such "genome engineering" has now been established in human cells and a number of model organisms, thus opening the door to better understanding gene function in model organisms, improving traits in crop plants and treating human genetic disorders.
对功能基因组结构进行系统的逆向工程需要对基因序列和转录水平进行精确修饰。转录激活样效应因子（TALEs）的开发与应用带来了丰富的基因组工程可能性。TALEs是一类在植物病原体黄单胞菌属中发现的天然存在的DNA结合蛋白。每个TALE的DNA结合结构域通常由串联的34个氨基酸重复模块组成，这些模块根据一个简单的编码重新排列以靶向新的DNA序列。定制的TALEs可用于多种基因组工程应用，包括转录调控和基因组编辑。这种“基因组工程”现已在人类细胞和许多模式生物中得以实现，从而为更好地理解模式生物中的基因功能、改善作物性状以及治疗人类遗传疾病打开了大门。
