Three-dimensional reconstruction of human vocal folds and standard laryngeal cartilages using computed tomography scan data.

Three-dimensional (3D) computer models of the human larynx are useful tools for research and for eventual clinical applications. Recently, computed tomography (CT) scanning and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been used to recreate realistic models of human larynx. In the present study, CT images were used to create computer models of vocal folds, vocal tract, and laryngeal cartilages, and the procedure to create solid models are explained in details. Vocal fold and vocal tract 3D models of healthy and postsurgery larynges during phonation and respiration were created and morphometric parameters were quantified. The laryngeal framework of eight patients was also reconstructed from CT scan images. For each cartilage, morphometric landmarks were measured on the basis of their importance for biomechanical modeling. A quantitative comparison was made between measured values from the reconstructions and those from human excised larynges in literature. The good agreement between these measurements supports the accuracy of CT scan-based 3D models. Generic standard models of the laryngeal framework were created using known features in modeling softwares. They were created based on the morphometric landmark dimensions previously defined, preserving all biomechanically important dimensions. These models are accessible, subject independent, easy to use for computational simulations, and make the comparisons between different studies possible.