1 Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York (CUNY) , New York, New York.
AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2013 Nov;27(11):621-7. doi: 10.1089/apc.2013.0245. Epub 2013 Oct 18.
Treatment as prevention (TaSP) is a critical component of biomedical interventions to prevent HIV transmission. However, its success is predicated on testing and identifying undiagnosed individuals to ensure linkage and retention in HIV care. Research has examined the impact of HIV-associated stigma on HIV-positive individuals, but little work has explored how anticipated HIV stigma-the expectation of rejection or discrimination against by others in the event of seroconversion-may serve as a barrier to HIV testing behaviors. This study examined the association between anticipated stigma and HIV testing behaviors among a sample of 305 men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women living in New York City. Participants' mean age was 33.0; 65.5% were racial/ethnic minority; and 50.2% earned <$20,000 per year. Overall, 32% of participants had not had an HIV test in the past 6 months. Anticipated stigma was negatively associated with risk perception. In multivariate models, anticipated stigma, risk perception, and younger age were significant predictors of HIV testing behaviors. Anti-HIV stigma campaigns targeting HIV-negative individuals may have the potential to significantly impact social norms around HIV testing and other biomedical strategies, such pre-exposure prophylaxis, at a critical moment for the redefinition of HIV prevention.
治疗即预防（TaSP）是预防 HIV 传播的生物医学干预的重要组成部分。然而，其成功的前提是检测和识别未被诊断的个体，以确保他们能够与 HIV 护理建立联系并持续接受护理。研究已经检验了 HIV 相关耻辱感对 HIV 阳性个体的影响，但很少有研究探讨预期的 HIV 耻辱感——即在发生血清转换时可能会遭到他人拒绝或歧视的预期——如何成为 HIV 检测行为的障碍。本研究调查了在纽约市的 305 名男男性行为者和跨性别女性样本中，预期耻辱感与 HIV 检测行为之间的关联。参与者的平均年龄为 33.0 岁；65.5%为少数民族；50.2%的人每年收入低于 20000 美元。总体而言，32%的参与者在过去 6 个月内没有进行过 HIV 检测。预期耻辱感与风险认知呈负相关。在多变量模型中，预期耻辱感、风险认知和年龄较小是 HIV 检测行为的重要预测因素。针对 HIV 阴性个体的抗 HIV 耻辱感运动可能有潜力在 HIV 预防重新定义的关键时刻，对 HIV 检测和其他生物医学策略（如暴露前预防）周围的社会规范产生重大影响。
