Department of Exercise Science and Sports Studies, Springfield College , Springfield, MA, USA.
J Sports Sci Med. 2011 Mar 1;10(1):59-65. eCollection 2011.
The present study compared the metabolic responses between a single low-carbohydrate (LC) and low-fat (LF) meal followed by an aerobic exercise bout in females. Subjects included 8 active, premenopausal females. Subjects completed a LC and LF testing session. Respiratory gas exchange (RER) measurements were taken for 20 min fasted, for 55 min postprandial (PP), and during 30 min of exercise. Blood was collected for assessment of glucose (G), insulin (IN), triglycerides (TG), and free fatty acids (FFA) during the final 10 min of each time period. The LF meal provided 396 kcal (78% carbohydrate, 7% fat, and 15% protein). The LC meal provided 392 kcal (15% carbohydrate, 68% fat, and 18% protein). No significant differences existed between test meals for fasting blood measurements. PP IN (μU·mL(-1)) levels were significantly lower following LC compared to LF [10.7 (6.1) vs. 26.0 (21.0)]. Postexercise (PE) FFA (mEq·L(-1)) levels were significantly greater following LC [1.1 (0.3) vs. 0.5 (0.3)]. PE TG (mg·dL(-1)) levels were significantly greater following LC [152.0 (53.1) vs. 114.4 (40.9)]. RER was significantly lower at all time points following LC compared to LF. In moderately active adult females, ingestion of a single LC meal resulted in greater lipid oxidation at rest and during exercise as compared to a single LF meal. Although macronutrient distribution appears to have dictated substrate utilization in the present study, more research is needed regarding the long-term effects of macronutrient redistribution with and without exercise on substrate utilization. Key pointsThe relative carbohydrate content of a single meal has a significant impact on postprandial metabolism and substrate utilization in healthy, active females.A single bout of aerobic exercise performed within an hour of meal ingestion has the potential to modify the postprandial response.Interventions aimed at improving body composition and preventing chronic disease should focus on dietary macronutrient redistribution and postprandial metabolism in concert with exercise training.
本研究比较了女性在一次低碳水化合物（LC）和低脂肪（LF）餐后进行有氧运动时的代谢反应。受试者包括 8 名活跃的绝经前女性。受试者完成了 LC 和 LF 测试。在禁食 20 分钟、餐后 55 分钟和运动 30 分钟期间，测量呼吸气体交换（RER）。在每个时间段的最后 10 分钟内，采集血液以评估葡萄糖（G）、胰岛素（IN）、甘油三酯（TG）和游离脂肪酸（FFA）。LF 餐提供 396 卡路里（78%碳水化合物、7%脂肪和 15%蛋白质）。LC 餐提供 392 卡路里（15%碳水化合物、68%脂肪和 18%蛋白质）。测试餐在空腹血液测量方面没有显著差异。LC 后餐后胰岛素（μU·mL(-1)）水平明显低于 LF [10.7（6.1）vs. 26.0（21.0）]。LC 后运动后游离脂肪酸（mEq·L(-1)）水平明显较高[1.1（0.3）vs. 0.5（0.3）]。LC 后运动后甘油三酯（mg·dL(-1)）水平明显较高[152.0（53.1）vs. 114.4（40.9）]。LC 后 RER 在所有时间点均明显低于 LF。在中度活跃的成年女性中，与 LF 相比，摄入单一 LC 餐可在休息和运动期间增加脂质氧化。尽管在本研究中，宏量营养素的分布似乎决定了底物的利用，但需要更多关于长期运动和不运动对底物利用的宏量营养素重新分布的影响的研究。关键点单一餐的相对碳水化合物含量对健康、活跃女性的餐后代谢和底物利用有重大影响。运动后 1 小时内进行的单次有氧运动有可能改变餐后反应。旨在改善身体成分和预防慢性疾病的干预措施应侧重于与运动训练相结合的饮食宏量营养素重新分布和餐后代谢。
