Graphene oxide nanoribbon as hole extraction layer to enhance efficiency and stability of polymer solar cells.

Graphene oxide nanoribbons for efficient and stable polymer solar cells are discussed. With controllable bandgap, good solubility and film forming property, graphene oxide nanoribbons serve as a new class of excellent hole extraction materials for efficient and stable polymer solar cells outperforming their counterparts based on conventional hole extraction materials, including PEDOT:PSS.