ER3S, EA 4110, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), 220 rue de l'Université, F-59240 Dunkerque, France.
Res Dev Disabil. 2014 Jan;35(1):153-61. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.10.012. Epub 2013 Oct 29.
Intellectually disabled (ID) people are at high risk of overweight and obesity. Prevalence and risk factors were assessed in a French population of ID adults attending specialized institutions, using a questionnaire focusing on demographic characteristics, physical activities, food habits and self-awareness about body and health. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate regression. Overall, 570 participants were included in the analysis (59% male), aged 19-59 years. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 24.9 kg/m(2); 45.6% of participants were overweight (BMI ≥ 25), including 17.2% who were obese (BMI ≥ 30). Participants practiced sports for 5.7h/week on average and were sedentary for 21.8h/week (time spent in front of some kind of screen). Most participants had food and self-care habits usually regarded as healthy. Eighty percent of them felt unhappy with their body and their physical capacities, but otherwise expressed a rather good opinion of themselves. Bivariate and multivariate analyses showed that some behavioral habits were associated with a reduced incidence of overweight and/or obesity, such as regular sport practice outside the institution, good personal body care or alcohol avoidance. The strongest risk factor was gender. Women were much more at risk than men of being overweight (53.9% versus 39.9%) and obese (28.2% versus 9.5%). Results suggest numerous ways to improve the health of institutionalized ID adults, related to sports education, nutrition and self-care, with particular attention paid to women.
智障人士（ID）超重和肥胖的风险很高。本研究采用关注人口统计学特征、身体活动、饮食习惯和对身体及健康自我意识的问卷，评估了在专门机构中接受治疗的法国 ID 成年人群的流行率和风险因素。数据分析包括描述性统计、单变量和多变量回归。总体而言，共纳入了 570 名参与者（59%为男性），年龄 19-59 岁。平均体重指数（BMI）为 24.9kg/m²；45.6%的参与者超重（BMI≥25），其中 17.2%肥胖（BMI≥30）。参与者平均每周进行 5.7 小时的体育运动，每周久坐 21.8 小时（坐在某种屏幕前的时间）。大多数参与者具有通常被认为是健康的饮食和自我护理习惯。80%的人对自己的身体和身体机能不满意，但对自己的其他方面评价较好。单变量和多变量分析表明，一些行为习惯与超重和/或肥胖的发生率降低有关，如在机构外定期进行体育锻炼、良好的个人身体护理或避免饮酒。最强的风险因素是性别。与男性相比，女性超重（53.9%比 39.9%）和肥胖（28.2%比 9.5%）的风险更高。结果表明，有许多方法可以改善机构内 ID 成年人群的健康状况，包括体育教育、营养和自我护理，特别关注女性。
