美洲消除疟疾：儿童期接触情况的回顾性分析
Malaria Eradication in the Americas: A Retrospective Analysis of Childhood Exposure.
作者信息
Bleakley Hoyt
机构信息
Associate Professor of Economics, Booth School of Business, University of Chicago, 5807 South Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637. Telephone: (773) 834-2192.
出版信息
Am Econ J Appl Econ. 2010 Apr;2(2). doi: 10.1257/app.2.2.1.
This study uses the malaria-eradication campaigns in the United States (circa 1920), and in Brazil, Colombia and Mexico (circa 1955) to measure how much childhood exposure to malaria depresses labor productivity. The campaigns began because of advances in health technology, which mitigates concerns about reverse causality. Malarious areas saw large drops in the disease thereafter. Relative to non-malarious areas, cohorts born after eradication had higher income as adults than the preceding generation. These cross-cohort changes coincided with childhood exposure to the campaigns rather than to pre-existing trends. Estimates suggest a substantial, though not predominant, role for malaria in explaining cross-region differences in income.
本研究利用美国（约1920年）以及巴西、哥伦比亚和墨西哥（约1955年）的疟疾根除运动，来衡量儿童时期接触疟疾对劳动生产率的抑制程度。这些运动因卫生技术的进步而开展，这减轻了对反向因果关系的担忧。此后，疟疾流行地区的疟疾发病率大幅下降。与非疟疾地区相比，根除运动后出生的人群成年后的收入高于前一代人。这些跨代变化与儿童时期接触这些运动有关，而非与先前存在的趋势有关。估计结果表明，疟疾在解释地区收入差异方面发挥了重要作用，尽管并非主要作用。
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