Animal Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel and Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Steinstrasse 19, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany; University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2014;151(1):333-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.049. Epub 2013 Oct 31.
Account of the traditional plant based viz. ethno-botanical remedies used by the pastoralists of Cholistan desert, Pakistan, for the control and treatment of livestock diseases and ailments.
The study was conducted across five locations in Cholistan desert, Pakistan, using a structured questionnaire to collect data from 100 livestock farmers (LF) and 20 livestock healers (LH). From correlation analyses 3 least correlated variables were identified among 5, which were representative of LFs. Cluster analysis was performed on the basis of these 3 variables and LFs were grouped into 3 logically different clusters. Kruskal-Wallis test and crosstab analyses were used to detect significant differences between clusters and effects of various variables on their use of ethno-botanical remedies.
Most of the male only interviewees (LF 78%; LH 70%) were married and illiterate (LF 66%; LH 70%). LH had larger herds (average 109 animals) than LF (average 85 animals) and were more experienced in livestock husbandry and management. LF spent about 162.5 Euros annually on the treatment of their livestock, but there was great variability in expenditures. Average animal treatment experience of LH was 29 years; all were experts in treatment of all types of diseases (100%) and animal species (70%). Eighty-six traditional remedies based on 64 plants belonging to 43 families were used. Capparaceae was the botanical family with the largest number of used species (4), followed by Chenopodiaceae, Poaceae, Solanaceae and Zygophyllaceae (3). Aerial parts (43%), leaves (26%), fruits (9%), seeds and seed oils (9%) were frequently used parts, while flowers, roots, bulbs and pods were less frequently used (<5%). Common preparations were decoction, jaggery and ball drench; oral drug administration was very common and doses were estimated using lids, spoons, cups and handfuls. Doses used for different animal species varied depending on animal age, size and physical condition and severity of the disease.
Pastoralists are practicing traditional plant-based livestock medication without scientific validation as they cannot afford allopathic drugs due to their livelihood conditions. Therefore, efficacy of documented medicinal plants against the most prevalent livestock diseases should be evaluated, in order to recommend effective preparations and treatments to this poor population group.
描述了巴基斯坦乔利斯坦沙漠牧民传统的植物药，用于控制和治疗牲畜疾病和疾病。
本研究在巴基斯坦乔利斯坦沙漠的五个地点进行，使用结构化问卷从 100 名牲畜农民 (LF) 和 20 名牲畜治疗师 (LH) 收集数据。通过相关分析，从 5 个中确定了 3 个相关性最小的变量，这些变量代表 LF。基于这 3 个变量进行聚类分析，将 LF 分为 3 个逻辑不同的聚类。使用 Kruskal-Wallis 检验和交叉表分析检测聚类之间的显著差异以及各种变量对其使用民族植物药的影响。
大多数男性受访者 (LF 为 78%；LH 为 70%) 已婚且不识字 (LF 为 66%；LH 为 70%)。LH 的畜群规模较大 (平均 109 只动物)，而 LF 则较小 (平均 85 只动物)，且在畜牧业和管理方面经验更丰富。LF 每年在牲畜治疗上的花费约为 162.5 欧元，但支出差异很大。LH 的平均动物治疗经验为 29 年；他们都是治疗所有类型疾病 (100%) 和动物种类 (70%) 的专家。使用了 64 种植物，属于 43 个科的 86 种传统疗法。山柑科是使用物种最多的植物科 (4 种)，其次是藜科、禾本科、茄科和蒺藜科 (3 种)。常用的部分是地上部分 (43%)、叶子 (26%)、果实 (9%)、种子和籽油 (9%)，而花、根、鳞茎和荚果较少使用 (<5%)。常见的制剂有煎剂、糖蜜和丸剂；口服给药非常常见，剂量使用盖子、勺子、杯子和一把来估计。不同动物物种使用的剂量取决于动物的年龄、大小和身体状况以及疾病的严重程度。
牧民在没有科学验证的情况下进行传统的植物性牲畜药物治疗，因为他们的生计条件使他们无法负担对抗疗法药物。因此，应对记录在案的药用植物对最常见牲畜疾病的疗效进行评估，以便向这个贫困人群推荐有效的制剂和治疗方法。
