Goodrich G L, Mehr E B
Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1986 Feb;63(2):119-26.
Macular degeneration results in more new cases of legal blindness in the United States than any other disease and accounts for over 165,000 first visits to physicians each year. Magnification, illumination control, and eccentric viewing training are the only documented, effective vision rehabilitation techniques known. Magnification has been used for decades, control of illumination has had a known effect for many years, and eccentric viewing training has been systematically used for less than 10 years. These techniques, although having demonstrated efficacy, require extensive individual patient training and a considerable investment of professional training time for optimum results. More recently developed techniques use prism correction for near and distance viewing or scanning laser ophthalmoscopy for training. Current knowledge of peripheral retinal function offers new avenues of research to improve upon current rehabilitation techniques. Computer technology also offers the hope of developing easily used, cost-effective materials and equipment to train the patient to use the peripheral retina in place of the damaged/diseased macula. In this paper, we examine current and emerging rehabilitation techniques and highlight some areas of research that hold promise of improving rehabilitation practices for patients having central visual field losses.
在美国，黄斑变性导致法定失明的新病例比其他任何疾病都多，每年有超过16.5万人首次就医。放大、照明控制和偏心注视训练是仅有的已被记录的有效视力康复技术。放大技术已使用了数十年，照明控制多年来已被证实有效果，而偏心注视训练系统应用还不到10年。这些技术虽然已证明有效，但需要对患者进行大量的个体化训练，并且需要专业人员投入大量训练时间才能取得最佳效果。最近开发的技术使用棱镜矫正进行近距和远距视力训练，或使用扫描激光检眼镜进行训练。目前对周边视网膜功能的了解为改进现有康复技术提供了新的研究途径。计算机技术也带来了开发易于使用、成本效益高的材料和设备的希望，以训练患者使用周边视网膜来替代受损/患病的黄斑。在本文中，我们研究了当前和新兴的康复技术，并突出了一些有望改善中心视野丧失患者康复治疗的研究领域。
