Mitchem Dorian G, Purkey Alicia M, Grebe Nicholas M, Carey Gregory, Garver-Apgar Christine E, Bates Timothy C, Arden Rosalind, Hewitt John K, Medland Sarah E, Martin Nicholas G, Zietsch Brendan P, Keller Matthew C
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA,
Behav Genet. 2014 May;44(3):270-81. doi: 10.1007/s10519-013-9627-5. Epub 2013 Nov 10.
Human facial attractiveness and facial sexual dimorphism (masculinity-femininity) are important facets of mate choice and are hypothesized to honestly advertise genetic quality. However, it is unclear whether genes influencing facial attractiveness and masculinity-femininity have similar, opposing, or independent effects across sex, and the heritability of these phenotypes is poorly characterized. To investigate these issues, we assessed facial attractiveness and facial masculinity-femininity in the largest genetically informative sample (n = 1,580 same- and opposite-sex twin pairs and siblings) to assess these questions to date. The heritability was ~0.50-0.70 for attractiveness and ~0.40-0.50 for facial masculinity-femininity, indicating that, despite ostensible selection on genes influencing these traits, substantial genetic variation persists in both. Importantly, we found evidence for intralocus sexual conflict, whereby alleles that increase masculinity in males have the same effect in females. Additionally, genetic influences on attractiveness were shared across the sexes, suggesting that attractive fathers tend to have attractive daughters and attractive mothers tend to have attractive sons.
人类面部吸引力和面部两性异形（男性化-女性化）是配偶选择的重要方面，据推测，它们能诚实地反映遗传质量。然而，目前尚不清楚影响面部吸引力和男性化-女性化的基因在不同性别中是具有相似、相反还是独立的作用，而且这些表型的遗传力也鲜有研究。为了探究这些问题，我们在目前最大的具有遗传信息的样本（1580对同性和异性双胞胎及兄弟姐妹）中评估了面部吸引力和面部男性化-女性化情况。面部吸引力的遗传力约为0.50 - 0.70，面部男性化-女性化的遗传力约为0.40 - 0.50，这表明，尽管表面上对影响这些特征的基因进行了选择，但两者仍存在大量的遗传变异。重要的是，我们发现了基因座内性冲突的证据，即增加男性男性化程度的等位基因在女性中具有相同的作用。此外，性别之间存在对面部吸引力的共同遗传影响，这表明有吸引力的父亲往往会有有吸引力的女儿，有吸引力的母亲往往会有有吸引力的儿子。
