Martin Stefan F, Schmucker Sonja S, Richter Anne
Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany,
Exp Suppl. 2014;104:73-88. doi: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0726-5_6.
T lymphocytes are essential as effector and memory cells for immune defense against infections and as regulatory T cells in the establishment and maintenance of immune tolerance. However, they are also involved in immune pathology being effectors in autoimmune and allergic diseases or suppressors of immunity in cancer, and they often cause problems in transplantation. Therefore, strategies are being developed that allow the in vivo amplification or isolation, in vitro expansion and genetic manipulation of beneficial T cells for adoptive cell therapies or for the tolerization, or elimination of pathogenic T cells. The major goal is to make use of the exquisite antigen specificity of T cells to develop targeted strategies and to develop techniques that allow for the identification and depletion or enrichment of very often rare antigen-specific naïve as well as effector and memory T cells. Such techniques are very useful for immune monitoring of T cell responses in diagnostics and vaccination and for the development of T cell-based assays for the replacement of animal testing in immunotoxicology to identify contact allergens and drugs that cause adverse reactions.
T淋巴细胞作为免疫防御感染的效应细胞和记忆细胞以及在建立和维持免疫耐受中作为调节性T细胞至关重要。然而，它们也参与免疫病理过程，在自身免疫性疾病和过敏性疾病中作为效应细胞，或在癌症中作为免疫抑制细胞，并且它们常常在移植中引发问题。因此，正在开发一些策略，这些策略能够实现有益T细胞的体内扩增或分离、体外扩增以及基因操作，用于过继性细胞疗法，或用于使致病性T细胞耐受或消除。主要目标是利用T细胞精确的抗原特异性来开发靶向策略，并开发能够识别和清除或富集通常非常罕见的抗原特异性初始以及效应和记忆T细胞的技术。此类技术对于诊断和疫苗接种中T细胞反应的免疫监测，以及开发基于T细胞的检测方法以替代免疫毒理学中的动物试验来识别接触性过敏原和引起不良反应的药物非常有用。
