From Humpty-Dumpty to Rapunzel: theoretical formulations concerning borderline personality disorder.

A brief review of the development of the concept of Borderline Personality Disorder is given, together with a more detailed consideration of theorists who have made significant contributions to its psychodynamic understanding. Examples of the extreme limits of this diagnostic category are illustrated, using the symbolism of Humpty-Dumpty and Rapunzel. The theories of Winnicott and Kohut, which both elaborate on the concept of a developmental defect, are compared and contrasted. Some implications for therapy are considered.