Platzer Christine, Bröder Arndt, Heck Daniel W
School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany,
Mem Cognit. 2014 May;42(4):595-608. doi: 10.3758/s13421-013-0380-z.
Decision situations are typically characterized by uncertainty: Individuals do not know the values of different options on a criterion dimension. For example, consumers do not know which is the healthiest of several products. To make a decision, individuals can use information about cues that are probabilistically related to the criterion dimension, such as sugar content or the concentration of natural vitamins. In two experiments, we investigated how the accessibility of cue information in memory affects which decision strategy individuals rely on. The accessibility of cue information was manipulated by means of a newly developed paradigm, the spatial-memory-cueing paradigm, which is based on a combination of the looking-at-nothing phenomenon and the spatial-cueing paradigm. The results indicated that people use different decision strategies, depending on the validity of easily accessible information. If the easily accessible information is valid, people stop information search and decide according to a simple take-the-best heuristic. If, however, information that comes to mind easily has a low predictive validity, people are more likely to integrate all available cue information in a compensatory manner.
个体不知道不同选项在某个标准维度上的值。例如，消费者不知道几种产品中哪一种最健康。为了做出决策，个体可以利用与标准维度概率相关的线索信息，如糖分含量或天然维生素浓度。在两项实验中，我们研究了记忆中线索信息的可及性如何影响个体所依赖的决策策略。线索信息的可及性通过一种新开发的范式——空间记忆线索范式来操纵，该范式基于无视觉注视现象和空间线索范式的结合。结果表明，人们会根据容易获取的信息的有效性使用不同的决策策略。如果容易获取的信息有效，人们会停止信息搜索，并根据简单的最佳启发式进行决策。然而，如果容易想到的信息具有较低的预测效度，人们更有可能以补偿的方式整合所有可用的线索信息。
