Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, , Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2014 Mar;68(3):211-7. doi: 10.1136/jech-2012-202187. Epub 2013 Nov 11.
To simultaneously examine contextual and individual-level predictors of help-seeking behaviour among women exposed to physical and sexual violence in Nigeria.
A multi-level cross-sectional study. We fit three 3-level random intercepts models to examine contextual and individual-level characteristics associated with help seeking, simultaneously.
Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey for 2008.
5553 women (15-49 years) who reported physical or sexual violence, drawn from 23 715 women in the Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey that responded to questions on violence exposure.
Help seeking to prevent future victimisation was based on self-report.
In our sample of women exposed to physical and sexual violence, 39.7% reported that they sought help to stop the perpetrator from hurting them again. Rates of help seeking were geographically patterned by state (range: 12% to 65%). State-level development, measured by the Human Development Index (z-score), was positively associated with help seeking (OR=1.30, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.61), after adjusting for individual-level characteristics. State-level prevalence of violence against women (z-score) was negatively associated with help-seeking (OR=0.68, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.84), suggesting that service providers who may target their programmes to areas with high prevalence of violence, may need to simultaneously address barriers to help seeking. Few individual-level characteristics were associated with help seeking, including wealth, marital status, employment status, ethnicity, history of witnessing domestic violence and relationship to perpetrator.
Efforts to support female survivors of violence should consider broader social and contextual determinants that are associated with help-seeking behaviours.
同时考察尼日利亚遭受身体和性暴力的女性寻求帮助行为的背景和个体层面的预测因素。
多层次的横断面研究。我们拟合了三个 3 级随机截距模型，同时考察与寻求帮助相关的背景和个体层面特征。
2008 年尼日利亚人口与健康调查。
5553 名（15-49 岁）报告遭受过身体或性暴力的女性，来自尼日利亚人口与健康调查的 23715 名女性，这些女性对暴力暴露问题做出了回应。
防止未来受害的寻求帮助行为基于自我报告。
在我们的研究样本中，有 39.7%的遭受过身体和性暴力的女性报告说，她们寻求帮助是为了阻止施害者再次伤害她们。寻求帮助的比率在州（范围：12%-65%）之间存在地域差异。以人类发展指数（z 分数）衡量的州一级发展与寻求帮助呈正相关（优势比=1.30，95%置信区间 1.05-1.61），在调整了个体层面的特征后。州一级针对妇女的暴力行为流行率（z 分数）与寻求帮助呈负相关（优势比=0.68，95%置信区间 0.55-0.84），这表明服务提供者可能需要将其方案针对暴力行为高发地区，同时解决寻求帮助的障碍。只有少数个体层面的特征与寻求帮助相关，包括财富、婚姻状况、就业状况、族裔、目睹家庭暴力的历史和与施害者的关系。
支持暴力女性幸存者的努力应考虑与寻求帮助行为相关的更广泛的社会和背景决定因素。
