Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Vegetation Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83, Umeå, Sweden.
J Chem Ecol. 1996 May;22(5):973-86. doi: 10.1007/BF02029948.
Laboratory and greenhouse bioassays were used to test for inhibitory effects of senescent and decomposed leaves and aqueous extract from bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) against seed germination and seedling growth of aspen (Populus tremula L.), birch (Betula pendula Roth.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), and Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]. Aqueous extracts from bilberry leaves were inhibitory to aspen seed germination and seedling growth and also induced root damage and growth abnormalities. Addition of activated carbon removed the inhibitory effects of extracts. Senescent leaves reduced pine and spruce seed germination, but rinsing of seeds reversed this inhibition. Senescent leaves were more inhibitory than decomposed leaf litter, suggesting that the inhibitory compounds in bilberry leaves are relatively soluble and released at early stages during decomposition. Spruce was generally less negatively affected by litter and aqueous extracts than the other tested species. This study indicates that chemical effects of bilberry litter have the potential to inhibit tree seedling recruitment, but these effects were not consistently strong. Phytotoxicity is unlikely to be of critical importance in determining success for spruce seedling establishment.
实验室和温室生物测定用于测试衰老和分解的叶子和越橘（Vaccinium myrtillus L.）水提取物对云杉（Populus tremula L.）、桦木（Betula pendula Roth.）、欧洲赤松（Pinus sylvestris L.）和挪威云杉[Picea abies (L.) Karst.]种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制作用。越橘叶的水提取物对云杉种子萌发和幼苗生长具有抑制作用，并导致根损伤和生长异常。添加活性炭可去除提取物的抑制作用。衰老的叶子减少了松树和云杉的种子萌发，但种子冲洗可逆转这种抑制。衰老的叶子比分解的叶凋落物更具抑制性，这表明越橘叶中的抑制化合物相对可溶，并在分解的早期释放。与其他测试物种相比，云杉通常受凋落物和水提取物的负面影响较小。这项研究表明，越橘凋落物的化学作用有可能抑制树木幼苗的繁殖，但这些作用并不总是很强。化感作用不太可能是决定云杉幼苗建立成功的关键因素。
