Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.
J Phys Chem B. 2013 Dec 27;117(51):16369-87. doi: 10.1021/jp408144g. Epub 2013 Nov 22.
We review recent developments in experimental techniques that simultaneously combine measurements of the interaction forces or energies between two extended surfaces immersed in electrolyte solutions-primarily aqueous-with simultaneous monitoring of their (electro)chemical reactions and controlling the electrochemical surface potential of at least one of the surfaces. Combination of these complementary techniques allows for simultaneous real time monitoring of angstrom level changes in surface thickness and roughness, surface-surface interaction energies, and charge and mass transferred via electrochemical reactions, dissolution, and adsorption, and/or charging of electric double layers. These techniques employ the surface forces apparatus (SFA) combined with various "electrochemical attachments" for in situ measurements of various physical and (electro)chemical properties (e.g., cyclic voltammetry), optical imaging, and electric potentials and currents generated naturally during an interaction, as well as when electric fields (potential differences) are applied between the surfaces and/or solution-in some cases allowing for the chemical reaction equation to be unambiguously determined. We discuss how the physical interactions between two different surfaces when brought close to each other (<10 nm) can affect their chemistry, and suggest further extensions of these techniques to biological systems and simultaneous in situ spectroscopic measurements for chemical analysis.
我们回顾了最近在实验技术方面的发展，这些技术可以同时测量浸入电解质溶液（主要是水溶液）中的两个扩展表面之间的相互作用力或能量，同时监测它们的（电）化学反应，并控制至少一个表面的电化学表面电势。这些互补技术的结合允许同时实时监测表面厚度和粗糙度、表面-表面相互作用能以及通过电化学反应、溶解和吸附以及/或双电层充电转移的电荷和质量的埃级变化。这些技术采用表面力仪 (SFA) 与各种“电化学附件”结合使用，用于原位测量各种物理和（电）化学性质（例如，循环伏安法）、光学成像以及在相互作用过程中自然产生的电势和电流，以及当在表面之间施加电场（电位差）和/或溶液时-在某些情况下允许明确确定化学反应式。我们讨论了当两个不同的表面彼此靠近（<10nm）时，它们之间的物理相互作用如何影响它们的化学性质，并建议将这些技术进一步扩展到生物系统和同时进行原位光谱测量以进行化学分析。
