Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement et du Développement, Equipe de Chimie Ecologique, FST Université Hassan 1er, Km 3 route de, Casablanca, BP 577, 26000, Settat, Morocco.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2014 Mar;21(5):3443-51. doi: 10.1007/s11356-013-2309-2. Epub 2013 Nov 17.
In the present study, the photolysis of carbofuran has been undertaken under sunlight conditions and at the surface of model supports such as clay films and different soils collected from two different sites in Morocco (Tirs and Dahs). In all conditions, an efficient degradation occurred owing to direct light absorption and also to photoinduced processes involving either clays or natural organic matter moities. On kaolin films, the photodegradation kinetics appears to follow a first-order process that clearly depends on the film thickness. The diffusion of carbofuran from the lower part to the illuminated surface was found to be negligible when compared to the photolysis process within the range of 20-70 μm. Thus, the photolysis rate constant at the surface of the solid support, k (0), was evaluated to be 7.0 × 10(-3) min(-1). Under these experimental conditions, the quantum yield was found equal to 2.1 × 10(-4). On soil surfaces, the disappearance rate constant was mainly attributed to photoinduced processes arising from natural organic matter. From the analytical point of view, the products were formed through (1) hydroxylation on the aromatic ring, (2) homolytic scission of the carbamate C-O bond leading to radical species formation, and (3) photohydrolysis of the carbamate C-O bond.
在本研究中，在阳光条件下并在模型载体表面（如粘土薄膜和从摩洛哥两个不同地点收集的不同土壤）进行了克百威的光解。在所有条件下，由于直接光吸收以及涉及粘土或天然有机质部分的光诱导过程，都发生了有效的降解。在高岭土薄膜上，光降解动力学似乎遵循一级过程，该过程明显取决于薄膜的厚度。与 20-70μm 范围内的光解过程相比，从下部到被照射表面的克百威的扩散可以忽略不计。因此，在固体载体表面处的光解速率常数 k(0)被评估为 7.0×10(-3)min(-1)。在这些实验条件下，量子产率等于 2.1×10(-4)。在土壤表面，消失速率常数主要归因于源于天然有机质的光诱导过程。从分析的角度来看，产物是通过（1）芳环上的羟化，（2）氨基甲酸酯 C-O 键的均裂裂解导致自由基物种的形成，以及（3）氨基甲酸酯 C-O 键的光水解形成的。
