Hwang In-Hee, Kobayashi Jun, Kawamoto Katsuya
Laboratory of Solid Waste Disposal Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan.
Waste Manag. 2014 Feb;34(2):402-10. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.10.009. Epub 2013 Nov 15.
Pyrolysis and steam gasification of woody biomass chip (WBC) obtained from construction and demolition wastes, refuse-derived fuel (RDF), and refuse paper and plastic fuel (RPF) were performed at various temperatures using a lab-scale instrument. The gas, liquid, and solid products were examined to determine their generation amounts, properties, and the carbon balance between raw material and products. The amount of product gas and its hydrogen concentration showed a considerable difference depending on pyrolysis and steam gasification at higher temperature. The reaction of steam and solid product, char, contributed to an increase in gas amount and hydrogen concentration. The amount of liquid products generated greatly depended on temperature rather than pyrolysis or steam gasification. The compositions of liquid product varied relying on raw materials used at 500°C but the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons became the major compounds at 900°C irrespective of the raw materials used. Almost fixed carbon (FC) of raw materials remained as solid products under pyrolysis condition whereas FC started to decompose at 700°C under steam gasification condition. For WBC, both char utilization by pyrolysis at low temperature (500°C) and syngas recovery by steam gasification at higher temperature (900°C) might be practical options. From the results of carbon balance of RDF and RPF, it was confirmed that the carbon conversion to liquid products conspicuously increased as the amount of plastic increased in the raw material. To recover feedstock from RPF, pyrolysis for oil recovery at low temperature (500°C) might be one of viable options. Steam gasification at 900°C could be an option but the method of tar reforming (e.g. catalyst utilization) should be considered.
利用实验室规模的仪器，在不同温度下对从建筑和拆除废物中获得的木质生物质颗粒（WBC）、垃圾衍生燃料（RDF）以及垃圾纸塑燃料（RPF）进行了热解和蒸汽气化实验。对气体、液体和固体产物进行了检测，以确定它们的生成量、性质以及原料与产物之间的碳平衡。在较高温度下，产物气的量及其氢气浓度在热解和蒸汽气化时表现出显著差异。蒸汽与固体产物（焦炭）的反应促使气体量和氢气浓度增加。液体产物的生成量很大程度上取决于温度，而非热解或蒸汽气化。在500°C时，液体产物的组成因所用原料而异，但在900°C时，无论使用何种原料，多环芳烃都成为主要化合物。在热解条件下，原料中的几乎所有固定碳（FC）都保留为固体产物，而在蒸汽气化条件下，FC在700°C时开始分解。对于WBC，低温（500°C）热解的焦炭利用和高温（900°C）蒸汽气化的合成气回收都可能是可行的选择。从RDF和RPF的碳平衡结果可以确认，随着原料中塑料量的增加，碳向液体产物的转化率显著提高。为了从RPF中回收原料，低温（500°C）热解以回收油可能是可行的选择之一。900°C的蒸汽气化也可以是一种选择，但应考虑焦油重整的方法（例如使用催化剂）。
