Response of males to female sex pheromone in the orange wheat blossom midge,Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae).

Males of the orange wheat blossom midge,Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin), were attracted by female but not by male extract in a Y-tube bioassay. In laboratory mating experiments, females exhibited typical calling behavior under all conditions tested. At 19‡C in the dark, males exhibited a high frequency of wing vibration (a courtship behavior) and mating attempts, and 68% of females were mated. However, there was virtually no courtship or mating activity at 17‡C and 23‡C (0 and 11% mated, respectively); at 21‡C, there was an intermediate level (43% mated). Light intensity of 1500 lux (as compared to darkness), or high relative humidity (96%, as compared to 70%) also inhibited mating activity. In trapping experiments in a wheat field, males but not females were caught in significantly greater numbers in traps baited with a solvent extract of virgin females, as compared with unbaited traps, at a trap height of 20 cm. At a trap height of 60 cm above ground, no males were caught. Males did not differentiate between traps baited with two calling females and a solvent extract of two virgin females, and the latter lost little activity over 48 hr under field conditions. There was a daily rhythm of male response to receptive females or female extract each evening between 1700 and 2200 hr CST. The sensitivity of males to environmental conditions and their consequent short daily period of response in the field are thought to be related to their high susceptibility to desiccation and lack of sources of food as adults.