GEMMA-Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Hydraulic, Maritime and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/Jordi Girona, 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2014 Feb 1;470-471:1272-80. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.10.065. Epub 2013 Nov 17.
The capacity of a hybrid constructed wetland (CW) system consisting of two vertical flow (VF) CWs working alternatively (3m(2)), one horizontal flow (HF) CW (2m(2)) and one surface flow (FWS) CW (2m(2)) in series to eliminate 13 emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) under three different hydraulic loading rates (HLRs) (0.06, 0.13 and 0.18 m d(-1) considering the area of the two VF beds) was studied through a continuous injection experiment. General toxicity, dioxin-like activity, antimicrobial activity and estrogenicity were also measured under the highest hydraulic loading rate. The hybrid system was highly efficient on the removal of total injected EOCs (except for antibiotics, 43 ± 32%) at all three HLRs (87 ± 10%). The removal efficiency in the hybrid CW system showed to decrease as the HLR increased for most compounds. The VF wetlands removed most of the injected EOCs more efficiently than the other two CWs, which was attributable to the predominant aerobic degradation pathways of the VF beds (70 ± 21%). General toxicity was reduced up to 90% by the VF beds. Estrogenicity and dioxin-like activity were similarly reduced by the VF and the HF wetlands, whereas antimicrobial activity was mainly removed by the FWS wetland. Bearing this in mind, this injection study has demonstrated that the use of hybrid CW systems is a suitable wastewater technology for removing EOCs and toxicity even at high HLRs.
串联运行的由两个交替工作的垂直流（VF）湿地（3m²）、一个水平流（HF）湿地（2m²）和一个表面流（FWS）湿地（2m²）组成的混合构造湿地（CW）系统在三种不同水力负荷率（HLR）（考虑到两个 VF 床的面积，0.06、0.13 和 0.18 m d⁻¹）下消除 13 种新兴有机污染物（EOCs）的能力通过连续注入实验进行了研究。在最高水力负荷率下，还测量了一般毒性、类二恶英活性、抗菌活性和雌激素活性。在所有三种 HLR 下，混合系统对总注入 EOCs（抗生素除外，43±32%）的去除率都很高（87±10%）。混合 CW 系统的去除效率随着 HLR 的增加而降低，对于大多数化合物都是如此。VF 湿地比其他两种 CW 更有效地去除了大部分注入的 EOCs，这归因于 VF 床的主要需氧降解途径（70±21%）。VF 床将总毒性降低了高达 90%。雌激素活性和类二恶英活性也被 VF 和 HF 湿地相似地降低，而抗菌活性主要被 FWS 湿地去除。考虑到这一点，这项注射研究表明，即使在高 HLR 下，混合 CW 系统也是一种去除 EOCs 和毒性的合适废水处理技术。
