Rohrbach R
Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol. 1986;51(2):127-35. doi: 10.1007/BF02899023.
Sulfated proteoglycans (fixed anionic sites) on the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) of kidneys from diabetic and nondiabetic patients have been demonstrated by electron microscopy using polycationic dyes (ruthenium red, polyethyleneimine). These substances were used for immersion fixation of renal biopsy specimens. The thickened GBM of diabetics revealed a reduced proteoglycan content within both the narrowed laminae rarae, where normally particles were seen at 60 nm intervals. Proteinuria was observed in all such cases, but no immunopathological alterations of the basement membranes were seen. With both tracer substances anionic sites were also demonstrated in different segments of the thickened lamina densa in diabetics. In polyethyleneimine-treated biopsies some segments of the membrane showed increased anionic moieties at the junction of the basement membrane and the epithelial and endothelial cell membranes. These are probably acid glycoproteins linked to the cell membrane and the synthesis of these basement membrane components may represent a compensatory mechanism seeking to restore normal permeability.
利用聚阳离子染料（钌红、聚乙烯亚胺）通过电子显微镜已证实，糖尿病患者和非糖尿病患者肾脏的肾小球基底膜（GBM）上存在硫酸化蛋白聚糖（固定阴离子位点）。这些物质用于肾活检标本的浸液固定。糖尿病患者增厚的GBM显示，在狭窄的透明层内蛋白聚糖含量减少，正常情况下可见颗粒以60纳米的间隔排列。所有这些病例均观察到蛋白尿，但未发现基底膜有免疫病理改变。使用这两种示踪物质时，在糖尿病患者增厚的致密层不同节段也证实存在阴离子位点。在聚乙烯亚胺处理的活检标本中，膜的一些节段在基底膜与上皮细胞膜和内皮细胞膜的交界处显示阴离子部分增加。这些可能是与细胞膜相连的酸性糖蛋白，这些基底膜成分的合成可能代表一种试图恢复正常通透性的代偿机制。
