Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 3706 W. Nob Hill Blvd., 98902, Yakima, Washington.
J Chem Ecol. 1992 Dec;18(12):2177-89. doi: 10.1007/BF00984945.
Performance characteristics of polyethylene tube dispensers containing a mixture of (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (1), dodecan-1-ol (2), and tetradecan-1-ol (3) were evaluated for suitability as a mating disruptant for codling moth control. The rate of loss of pheromone component from a dispenser at any time was found to be described by the equation: -dP/dt=(k 1 k 2 +k d)P whereP is the amount of pheromone component in the dispenser well;t is time;k 1 is the ratio of the amount dissolved in the dispenser wall to the amount in the dispenser well;k 1 is the ratio of the evaporation rate to the amount dissolved in the dispenser wall;k d is the rate constant for chemical decomposition. The evaporation rate,E, of a pheromone component at any time was given by:E=k 1 k 2 P For all three components during the first three weeks,k 1 decreased from ca. 0.25 to ca. 0.10 and was approximately constant thereafter. The decrease ofk 1 with time may have been caused by weather-induced cross-linking of the polyethylene. Over timek 2 was constant and was 1.27 ± 0.26 × 10(-3)/hr for1, 1.96 ± 0.33 × 10su-3/hr for 2, and 0.31± 0.05 × 10(-3)/hr for 3. Thek 2 was zero for2 and3 and 6.96 × 10(-4) for1. After 150 days in an orchard in 1991, 95% of1 was lost from the dispensers (61% of the loss was by chemical decomposition and 39% by evaporation). The heat summation units in a Yakima valley orchard during 1991 were 4.7% above the average for the 1980-1991 period, while during 1990 they were the highest for this period (26% above average). After the first three weeks of dispenser aging, the regression line half-lives for1 for 1990 and 1991 were 31.0 and 35.1 days, respectively. The difference in temperature between 1990 and 1991 did not affect the half-life of1 very much because so much of the loss was from photochemically induced decomposition. Based on an estimate of the required minimum evaporation rate for mating disruption of 2 mg/ha-hr and a half-life of 35 days for1, 2345 dispensers/ha would be required for one application per season; 944 dispensers/ha for two applications per season; and 734 dispensers/ha for three applications per season. If a different emission rate of1 is required for reliable mating disruption, then the number of dispensers required would be changed proportionately.
评价了含有（E，E）-8,10-十二碳二烯-1-醇（1）、十二烷-1-醇（2）和十四烷-1-醇（3）混合物的聚乙烯管分配器作为苹果蠹蛾防治性信息素干扰剂的性能特征。任何时候从分配器中损失信息素成分的速率都可以用以下方程来描述：-dP/dt=（k1k2+kd）P，其中 P 是分配器井中信息素成分的量；t 是时间；k1 是分配器壁中溶解量与分配器井中量的比例；k2 是蒸发速率与分配器壁中溶解量的比例；kd 是化学分解的速率常数。任何时候信息素成分的蒸发速率 E 由：E=k1k2P 给出。对于所有三个成分，在最初的三周内，k1 从约 0.25 降至约 0.10，此后基本保持不变。k1 随时间的下降可能是由天气引起的聚乙烯交联造成的。随着时间的推移，k2 保持不变，1 为 1.27±0.26×10(-3)/hr，2 为 1.96±0.33×10(-3)/hr，3 为 0.31±0.05×10(-3)/hr。对于 2 和 3，k2 为零，而 1 为 6.96×10(-4)。1991 年在果园中放置 150 天后，分配器中损失了 95%的 1（61%的损失是化学分解造成的，39%是蒸发造成的）。1991 年雅基马山谷果园的热量总和单位比 1980-1991 期间的平均值高出 4.7%，而 1990 年是该期间最高的（比平均值高出 26%）。在分配器老化的前三周后，1990 年和 1991 年的回归线半衰期分别为 31.0 和 35.1 天。1990 年和 1991 年之间的温度差异对 1 的半衰期影响不大，因为大部分损失是光化学诱导分解造成的。基于对每公顷 2 毫克/小时的交配干扰所需的最小蒸发率的估计，以及 1 的半衰期为 35 天，每个季节需要 2345 个分配器/公顷；每季节需要 944 个分配器/公顷；每季节需要 734 个分配器/公顷。如果需要不同的 1 排放率才能可靠地进行交配干扰，则所需的分配器数量将按比例变化。
