Pheromone Research Group Department of Ecology Animal Ecology, Lund University, S-223 62, Lund, Sweden.
J Chem Ecol. 1992 Dec;18(12):2385-402. doi: 10.1007/BF00984957.
Several Scandinavian forest insects,Hylurgops palliatus, Tomicus piniperda, andTrypodendron domesticum (Coleoptera: Scolytidae),Rhizophagus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Rhizophagidae) andPollenia spp. (Diptera: Calliphoridae) were attracted to window traps baited with ethanol and placed on Scots pine trees (Pinus sylvestris) in May-June, 1986. Release of ethanol at increasing relative rates of 0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 (800 mg/day) from the window traps on trees in 1987 causedH. palliatus, T. domesticum, andR. ferrugineus to be increasingly attracted, whileT. piniperda was equally attracted at both 0.1 and 1.0 rates. The attraction ofT. piniperda to ethanol was weak compared to attraction to a monoterpene mix, (±)-α-pinene, (+)-3-carene, terpinolene. The terpene mix plus ethanol was significantly more attractive toH. palliatus than ethanol alone, but terpenes significantly reduced the attraction ofT. domesticum to ethanol. Baiting of pipe traps with a series of short-chain alcohols (methanol to hexanol) each alone showed that ethanol was greatly preferred byH. palliatus, T. domesticum, andR. ferrugineus over alcohols of one more or one less carbon, while longer-chain alcohols were not attractive. However,Glischrochilus hortensis (Col.: Nitidulidae) was attracted only to propanol. A series of 10-fold increasing release rates of ethanol (0.0001-1.0, where 1.0=800 mg/day) with either a "low" or "high" release of the terpene mix had various effects on the sexes during their attraction to pipe traps and subsequent entering of holes. Release of (-)-verbenone at 0.25 mg/day had no significant effect onH. palliatus orR. ferrugineus attraction to ethanol, but the response ofT. domesticum to ethanol was reduced. Several theories on olfactory mechanisms of host selection byT. piniperda are integrated and placed in ecological perspective.
1986 年 5 月至 6 月，在苏格兰松树上放置了用乙醇作诱饵的窗式诱捕器，吸引了几种斯堪的纳维亚森林昆虫，包括 Hygro p s palliatus、Tomicus piniperda 和 Trypodendron domesticum（鞘翅目：小蠹科）、Rhizophagus ferrugineus（鞘翅目：根甲科）和 Pollenia spp.（双翅目：丽蝇科）。1987 年，从树上的窗式诱捕器中以 0、0.01、0.1 和 1.0（800mg/天）的递增相对速率释放乙醇，导致 H. palliatus、T. domesticum 和 R. ferrugineus 越来越被吸引，而 T. piniperda 在 0.1 和 1.0 速率下被同等吸引。与对单萜混合物（±）-α-蒎烯、（+）-3-蒈烯、萜品烯的吸引力相比，T. piniperda 对乙醇的吸引力较弱。萜烯混合物加乙醇对 H. palliatus 的吸引力明显大于单独的乙醇，但萜烯显著降低了 T. domesticum 对乙醇的吸引力。用一系列短链醇（甲醇至己醇）单独对管诱捕器进行诱捕表明，与一个或一个以上碳原子的醇相比，乙醇被 H. palliatus、T. domesticum 和 R. ferrugineus 强烈偏好，而长链醇则没有吸引力。然而，Glischrochilus hortensis（鞘翅目：金花虫科）仅被正丙醇吸引。一系列 10 倍递增的乙醇释放率（0.0001-1.0，其中 1.0=800mg/天），与低或高萜烯混合物释放率相结合，对管诱捕器中两性的吸引力以及随后进入孔穴有不同的影响。每天释放 0.25mg 的（-）马鞭草酮对 H. palliatus 或 R. ferrugineus 对乙醇的吸引力没有显著影响，但降低了 T. domesticum 对乙醇的反应。几种关于鞘翅目小蠹选择寄主的嗅觉机制理论被综合起来，并从生态角度进行了阐述。
