Joseph G, Kelsey R G, Peck R W, Niwa C G
Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA.
J Chem Ecol. 2001 Apr;27(4):697-715. doi: 10.1023/a:1010345817756.
Lindgren multiple funnel traps were set up in pine forests of central Oregon to determine the response of scolytid bark beetles to ethanol and 4-allylanisole (4AA). Traps were baited with two release rates of ethanol (4.5 or 41.4 mg/hr) and three release rates of 4AA (0, 0.6, or 4.3 mg/hr) in a 2 x 3 factorial design. All traps also released a 1:1 mixture of alpha- and beta-pinene at 11.4 mg/hr. Of 13,396 scolytids caught, Dendroctonus valens made up 60%, Hylurgops spp. 18.5%, Ips spp. 16%, Hylastes spp. 1.8%, Ganthotrichus retusus 0.9%, and bark beetle predators another 2.8%. Increasing the release rate of ethanol in the absence of 4AA increased the number of most scolytid species caught by 1.5-3.7 times, confirming its role as an attractant. Ips latidens, Temnochila chlorodia, and clerid predators were exceptions and did not show a response to higher ethanol release rates. Release of 4AA at the lowest rate inhibited attraction of most scolytids, with a significant reduction in G. retusus, Hylastes macer, and Hylurgops porosus when compared to traps without 4AA. A high release rate of 4AA further inhibited responses for most beetles compared to low 4AA. Seven species were significantly deterred by high 4AA, including the latter three, and Hylastes longicollis, Hylastes nigrinus, Hylurgops reticulatus, and Ips latidens. Exceptions include Hylurgops subcostulatus, which was significantly attracted to both low and high 4AA, and I. pini, which was attracted to low and high 4AA in combination with low ethanol, but unaffected by either release of 4AA with high ethanol. Dendroctonus valens was significantly attracted to low 4AA and unaffected by high 4AA. Predators appeared to be less inhibited by 4AA than most bark beetles. Although 4AA can deter the attraction of some secondary bark beetles to ethanol in combination with alpha- and beta-pinene, this inhibition could be weakened for certain species by increasing ethanol release rates. 4-Allylanisole may have some utility for managing the behavior of secondary bark beetles sensitive to this compound.
在俄勒冈州中部的松树林中设置了林格伦多重漏斗诱捕器，以确定食木小蠹虫对乙醇和4-烯丙基苯甲醚（4AA）的反应。诱捕器采用2×3析因设计，用两种释放速率的乙醇（4.5或41.4毫克/小时）和三种释放速率的4AA（0、0.6或4.3毫克/小时）进行诱饵。所有诱捕器还以11.4毫克/小时的速率释放α-蒎烯和β-蒎烯的1:1混合物。在捕获的13396只食木小蠹虫中，红脂大小蠹占60%，长小蠹属占18.5%，齿小蠹属占16%，材小蠹属占1.8%，粗点齿小蠹占0.9%，食木小蠹虫的捕食者占2.8%。在没有4AA的情况下增加乙醇的释放速率，使大多数食木小蠹虫种类的捕获数量增加了1.5至3.7倍，证实了其作为引诱剂的作用。宽齿齿小蠹、绿胸栉角叩甲和叩甲科捕食者是例外，对较高的乙醇释放速率没有反应。以最低速率释放4AA会抑制大多数食木小蠹虫的吸引力，与没有4AA的诱捕器相比，粗点齿小蠹、细材小蠹和多孔长小蠹的捕获量显著减少。与低4AA相比，高释放速率的4AA进一步抑制了大多数甲虫的反应。七种甲虫受到高4AA的显著驱避，包括后三种，以及长颈材小蠹、黑材小蠹、网纹长小蠹和宽齿齿小蠹。例外情况包括亚脊长小蠹，它对低4AA和高4AA都有显著的吸引力，以及松果齿小蠹，它在低乙醇的情况下对低4AA和高4AA有吸引力，但不受高乙醇与4AA任何一种释放的影响。红脂大小蠹对低4AA有显著吸引力，对高4AA无影响。捕食者似乎比大多数食木小蠹虫受4AA的抑制作用更小。尽管4AA可以抑制一些次生食木小蠹虫对乙醇与α-蒎烯和β-蒎烯混合物的吸引力，但通过提高乙醇释放速率，这种抑制作用可能会对某些物种减弱。4-烯丙基苯甲醚可能在管理对该化合物敏感的次生食木小蠹虫的行为方面有一定作用。
