'Vijverhof' Laboratory, Limnological Institute, Rijksstraatweg 6, 3631 AC, Nieuwersluis, The Netherlands.
Environ Monit Assess. 1983 Sep;3(3-4):343-54. doi: 10.1007/BF00396229.
The existing data on the species composition of zooplankton and grazing intensities of crustacean plankton are discussed in the light of trophic status, particularly in the Dutch lakes of varying trophy. Several species of rotifers in northern Europe and North America are considered to indicate eutrophic environments. However, unanimity is less regarding crustacean zooplankton, since several species are encountered in lakes varying widely in trophic degree.The zooplankton to seston (33 μm) biomass ratio may provide information about the ecological transfer efficiency and trophic status. In the Dutch lakes the ratio decreases sharply with increase in food concentration during eutrophication, namely from ca 0.4 in oligotrophic lakes to about 0.05 in the hypertrophic ones.The zooplankton community grazing is high and variable in lakes of low trophy but low and relatively constant in lakes of high trophy. The fluctuations in the filtering rates of Daphnia sp. (e.g. D. magna) may provide information both on trophic degree as well as dissolved substances in lake waters. The dominance of small cladocerans in lakes may be due to quality of food and trophic level, besides fish predation. The recurrent clear-water phase in lakes would indicate oligo-mesotrophic situations in which the zooplankton plays an important role in the phytoplankton wax and wane.
本文讨论了浮游动物的物种组成和甲壳类浮游动物的摄食强度，依据的是营养状态，特别是在不同营养水平的荷兰湖泊中。在北欧和北美的几种轮虫被认为是富营养化环境的指示生物。然而，对于甲壳类浮游动物，情况就不那么一致了，因为在营养程度差异很大的湖泊中也能发现多种甲壳类浮游动物。浮游动物与悬浮物（33 μm）生物量的比值可以提供有关生态传递效率和营养状态的信息。在荷兰的湖泊中，随着富营养化过程中食物浓度的增加，该比值急剧下降，即从贫营养湖泊中的约 0.4 下降到富营养湖泊中的约 0.05。低营养水平的湖泊中浮游动物群落的摄食强度较高且变化较大，而高营养水平的湖泊中则较低且相对稳定。例如大型水蚤（Daphnia magna）的过滤率波动既可以提供关于营养水平的信息，也可以提供关于湖泊水中溶解物质的信息。小型枝角类在湖泊中占优势可能是由于食物质量和营养水平，以及鱼类捕食的原因。湖泊中反复出现的清水阶段表明湖泊处于寡营养到中营养状态，在这种状态下，浮游动物在浮游植物的兴衰中起着重要作用。
