Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 27711, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
Environ Monit Assess. 1982 Mar;2(1-2):129-38. doi: 10.1007/BF00399161.
Procedures for determining exposure extimates for the Houston Area Asthma Study are discussed. Two residential clusters of asthmatics in the Houston area have been studied as part of an overall attempt to assess the health effects of air pollution in the Texas Gulf Coast area. Air pollutant exposure data have been produced according to a three-tier monitoring scheme, i.e. (1) continuous data from centrally-located fixed stations, (2) residential indoor/outdoor measurements, and (3) personal monitoring. This air monitoring network should yield estimates of individual exposures for use in health effect correlations.The fixed sites and mobile continuously monitor ambient levels of ozone, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and meteorological parameters (wind speed, wind direction, temperature, dew point, solar irradiation, and precipitation). Continuous sequential integrated sampling is preformed for total suspended particulates (TSP) and, inhalable particulates (IP) (total of < 2.5μm and 2.5-15.0 μm) by dichotomous samplers for 24 hr samplers), aldehydes (bubblers), and aeroallergens (intermittent rotorod samplers). In addition to gravimetric determinations, particulate filters are routinely analyzed for sulfate, nitrate, and (every third day) trace elements. Personal monitoring includes ozone, respirable particles, nitrogen dioxide and formaldehyde. A quality assurance/control program that meets specifications established in the EPA Quality Assurance Handbook for air pollution measurement systems was implemented. Examples of results consisting of unvalidated preliminary data from the monitoring for ozone for three participants is presented and approaches to determining exposure estimates are discussed for both an integrated exposure estimate and short time period exposure estimate.
讨论了确定休斯顿地区哮喘研究暴露估计值的程序。休斯顿地区的两个哮喘病居住群已被作为评估德克萨斯海湾地区空气污染对健康影响的整体尝试的一部分进行了研究。根据三级监测计划（即（1）中央固定站的连续数据，（2）住宅室内/室外测量，以及（3）个人监测）产生了空气污染物暴露数据。该空气监测网络应产生个人暴露的估计值，用于健康影响相关性研究。固定站点和移动连续监测臭氧、氮氧化物、二氧化硫、一氧化碳和气象参数（风速、风向、温度、露点、太阳辐射和降水）的环境水平。总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）和可吸入颗粒物（IP）（总粒径<2.5μm 和 2.5-15.0μm）通过二分量采样器进行连续顺序积分采样（24 小时采样器）、醛（起泡器）和空气过敏原（间歇性转子采样器）。除了重量测定外，还定期分析颗粒物过滤器中的硫酸盐、硝酸盐和（每隔三天）痕量元素。个人监测包括臭氧、可吸入颗粒物、二氧化氮和甲醛。实施了符合 EPA 空气质量测量系统质量保证/控制手册规定的质量保证/控制计划。提供了来自三名参与者的臭氧监测的未经证实的初步数据的结果示例，并讨论了综合暴露估计值和短期暴露估计值的暴露估计值确定方法。
