Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway,
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2014;21(15):8897-913. doi: 10.1007/s11356-013-2284-7. Epub 2013 Nov 27.
This paper gives an overview of management considerations required for better control of deicing chemicals in the unsaturated zone at sites with winter maintenance operations in cold regions. Degradable organic deicing chemicals are the main focus. The importance of the heterogeneity of both the infiltration process, due to frozen ground and snow melt including the contact between the melting snow cover and the soil, and unsaturated flow is emphasised. In this paper, the applicability of geophysical methods for characterising soil heterogeneity is considered, aimed at modelling and monitoring changes in contamination. To deal with heterogeneity, a stochastic modelling framework may be appropriate, emphasizing the more robust spatial and temporal moments. Examples of a combination of different field techniques for measuring subsoil properties and monitoring contaminants and integration through transport modelling are provided by the SoilCAM project and previous work. Commonly, the results of flow and contaminant fate modelling are quite detailed and complex and require post-processing before communication and advising stakeholders. The managers' perspectives with respect to monitoring strategies and challenges still unresolved have been analysed with basis in experience with research collaboration with one of the case study sites, Oslo airport, Gardermoen, Norway. Both scientific challenges of monitoring subsoil contaminants in cold regions and the effective interaction between investigators and management are illustrated.
本文概述了在寒冷地区冬季维护作业场地，为更好地控制不饱和区融雪化学物质而需考虑的管理因素。重点介绍了可生物降解的有机融雪化学物质。强调了由于冻土地带和融雪，包括融化的雪盖与土壤之间的接触，渗透过程以及不饱和流的非均质性的重要性。本文考虑了地球物理方法在描述土壤非均质性方面的适用性，旨在对污染变化进行建模和监测。为了应对非均质性，可以采用随机建模框架，重点关注更稳健的空间和时间矩。SoilCAM 项目和先前的工作提供了一些示例，说明了不同的现场技术组合在测量底土特性和监测污染物方面的应用，以及通过运输建模进行整合。通常，流量和污染物命运建模的结果非常详细和复杂，在与利益相关者沟通和提供建议之前，需要进行后处理。基于与挪威奥斯陆机场 Gardermoen 的一个案例研究场地的研究合作经验，分析了管理者对监测策略和仍未解决的挑战的看法。本文阐述了在寒冷地区监测底土污染物的科学挑战以及研究人员与管理层之间的有效互动。
