Paley John
School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health, University of Stirling, UK.
J Adv Nurs. 2014 Jul;70(7):1520-31. doi: 10.1111/jan.12324. Epub 2013 Nov 28.
A discussion of the assumption that Heidegger's philosophy in Being And Time provides a warrant for the study of lived experience.
It is generally assumed, in nursing as in other disciplines, that Heidegger's philosophy points, uncontroversially, to the study of lived experience. It is also assumed that studies of this type will take the form of qualitative interviews which seek to explore the respondent's experience of a particular phenomenon and to elicit the meanings which the individual concerned attaches to that experience.
Being And Time; the philosophical literature on Heidegger since 1999; the literature of experimental social psychology, 1970-2012.
According to Heidegger, there is no such thing as 'lived experience'. The concept is embedded in the subject-object dualism that he is attempting to dismantle. In Heideggerian terms, interviews intended to explore 'lived experience' can only reproduce the voice of das Man, the 'They', not the voice of unique individuals. Methods more in keeping with Heidegger's philosophy include observation, naturalistic experiments, some forms of discourse analysis and conceptually associated lines of enquiry involving vocabularies of motive, scripts and the performative aspects of language use.
Nursing researchers who wish to embrace Heidegger's philosophy as a basis for their work should abandon 'lived experience' interviews and adopt one of the alternative methods suggested above. Nursing researchers who wish to continue with 'lived experience' interviews should seek an alternative philosophical or theoretical basis for their work.
探讨海德格尔在《存在与时间》中的哲学为生活体验研究提供依据这一假设。
与其他学科一样，护理领域通常认为，海德格尔的哲学无疑指向生活体验研究。人们还认为，这类研究将采取定性访谈的形式，旨在探究受访者对特定现象的体验，并引出相关个体赋予该体验的意义。
《存在与时间》；1999年以来关于海德格尔的哲学文献；1970 - 2012年实验社会心理学文献。
根据海德格尔的观点，不存在“生活体验”这种东西。该概念嵌入了他试图拆解的主客二元论之中。用海德格尔的话来说，旨在探究“生活体验”的访谈只能重现常人（“他们”）的声音，而非独特个体的声音。更符合海德格尔哲学的方法包括观察、自然主义实验、某些形式的话语分析以及涉及动机词汇、脚本和语言使用的 performative 方面的概念相关探究路线。
希望将海德格尔哲学作为其工作基础的护理研究人员应摒弃“生活体验”访谈，采用上述替代方法之一。希望继续进行“生活体验”访谈的护理研究人员应为其工作寻求替代的哲学或理论基础。
