Gullick Janice, West Sandra
A4:32, MO2, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
International Institute of Qualitative Methods, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Med Health Care Philos. 2020 Mar;23(1):87-105. doi: 10.1007/s11019-019-09911-9.
While the richness of Heideggerian philosophy is attractive as a healthcare research framework, its density means authors rarely utilise its fullest possibilities as an hermeneutic analytic structure. This article aims to clarify Heideggerian hermeneutic analysis by taking one discrete element of Heideggerian philosophy (Being-towards-death), and using it's clearly defined structure to conduct a meta-synthesis of Heideggerian phenomenological studies on the experience of living with a potentially life-limiting illness. The findings richly illustrate Heidegger's philosophy that there is either an inauthentic positioning towards death, or an authentic positioning towards death with a proposition that (1) death is certain; (2) death is indefinite; (3) death is non-relational; and (4) death is not-to-be-outstripped. None of the 29 included studies on the experience of a confrontation with death fully utilised this framework, despite claiming a grounding in Heideggerian thought. This demonstrates the value in modelling how Heideggerian existential structures can be used proactively as analytical 'hooks' for data in research claiming a basis in this philosophy and/or method. By modelling the potential application of an important Heideggerian philosophical construct to published qualitative data, this meta-synthesis has revealed new domains and more nuanced understandings of the temporal structure of Being-towards-death. Such an approach helps to more fully unveil the existential concerns of people at the core of interpretative phenomenological enquiry and may provide a blueprint to map either primary or synthesised data to other key ontological existentials.
尽管海德格尔哲学的丰富性作为一种医疗保健研究框架很有吸引力，但其晦涩难懂意味着作者很少充分利用其作为一种诠释学分析结构的最大可能性。本文旨在通过选取海德格尔哲学的一个离散元素（向死而生）来阐明海德格尔诠释学分析，并利用其明确的结构对关于患有潜在危及生命疾病的生活体验的海德格尔现象学研究进行元综合。研究结果充分说明了海德格尔的哲学观点，即要么对死亡有非本真的定位，要么对死亡有本真的定位，其命题为：（1）死亡是确定的；（2）死亡是不确定的；（3）死亡是无关联的；（4）死亡是不可超越的。尽管声称以海德格尔思想为基础，但纳入的29项关于面对死亡体验的研究中，没有一项充分利用了这个框架。这表明了展示海德格尔生存结构如何能被积极用作研究中数据的分析“钩子”（这些研究声称以此哲学和/或方法为基础）的价值。通过展示一个重要的海德格尔哲学建构对已发表定性数据的潜在应用，这种元综合揭示了向死而生的时间结构的新领域和更细微的理解。这样一种方法有助于更全面地揭示解释现象学探究核心人群的生存关切，并可能提供一个蓝图，将原始数据或综合数据映射到其他关键的本体论存在。
