Mehta Bharti, Jindal Harashish, Bhatt Bhumika, Kumar Vijay, Singh Choudhary Satvinder
Department of Community Medicine; PGIMS; Rohtak, India.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2014;10(4):1111-3. doi: 10.4161/hv.27234. Epub 2013 Nov 27.
Worldwide more than 900 million international journeys are undertaken every year. India is one of the favorite tourist destinations around the world. International travel exposes travelers to a range of health risks. Traveling to India possess a threat to travelers with waterborne diseases like bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever; vector borne diseases like dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria; animal contact disease like rabies. Furthermore diseases spreading through behavior aspects cannot be ruled out hence posing a risk for hepatitis B, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C as well. Hence, before travel the travelers are advised about the risk of disease in the country or countries they plan to visit and the steps to be taken to prevent illness. Vaccination offers the possibility of avoiding a number of infectious diseases that may be countered abroad. There is no single vaccination schedule that fits all travelers. Each schedule must be individualized according to the traveler's previous immunizations, countries to be visited, type and duration of travel, and the amount of time available before departure.
每年全球有超过9亿次国际旅行。印度是全球最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一。国际旅行使旅行者面临一系列健康风险。前往印度会对旅行者构成威胁，可能感染水源性疾病，如细菌性腹泻、甲型和戊型肝炎以及伤寒热；虫媒传播疾病，如登革热、日本脑炎和疟疾；动物接触性疾病，如狂犬病。此外，通过行为方面传播的疾病也不能排除，因此也会构成感染乙型肝炎、艾滋病毒/艾滋病、丙型肝炎的风险。因此，建议旅行者在出行前了解他们计划前往的国家或地区的疾病风险以及预防疾病应采取的措施。接种疫苗有可能避免在国外可能遭遇的多种传染病。没有一个适用于所有旅行者的单一疫苗接种计划。每个计划都必须根据旅行者以前的免疫接种情况、要访问的国家、旅行类型和时长以及出发前可用的时间进行个性化安排。
