Tytgat G N, den Hartog Jager F C, Bartelsman J F
Endoscopy. 1986 Sep;18 Suppl 3:32-9. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1018439.
Dysphagia, regurgitation and hypersalivation due to local destruction or incessant coughing in the presence of a tracheo-broncho-esophageal fistula become the most important distressing factors in the end stage of malignancies in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Inevitably such patients have a short life expectancy. It is often desirable to avoid the morbidity associated with surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The non-operative insertion of a prosthesis is increasingly being carried out to palliate malignant dysphagia.
由于局部破坏或气管支气管食管瘘存在时的持续咳嗽导致的吞咽困难、反流和唾液过多，成为上消化道恶性肿瘤终末期最重要的困扰因素。不可避免地，这类患者预期寿命较短。通常希望避免与手术、放疗或化疗相关的发病率。越来越多地采用非手术方式插入假体来缓解恶性吞咽困难。
