Fertility and Infertility Branch, NICHD, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Am J Reprod Immunol. 2014 Jan;71(1):1-11. doi: 10.1111/aji.12173. Epub 2013 Nov 29.
Implantation and the establishment of pregnancy in mammals involves an intricate interplay of hormones, cytokines, growth factors, proteins, lipids, ions and the extracellular matrix between the uterine epithelium, stroma, immune cells and the conceptus trophectoderm. The divergent nature of implantation in the mouse, human and pig provides not only an interesting contrast in the establishment of pregnancy and early embryonic development but also intriguing similarities with regard to early endometrial-conceptus signaling. An interesting pro-inflammatory cytokine expressed in a number of mammalian species during the period of implantation is interleukin-1β (IL1B). The presence of IL1B might be involved with immunotolerance at the maternal-placental interface and has been proposed as one of the mediators in placental viviparity. The production of IL1B and other proinflammatory cytokines might play a role in establishing pregnancy through modulation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NFKB) system in a number of species. A model for the regulation of cellular progesterone receptor expression and NFKB activation for endometrial receptivity and conceptus attachment is continuing to evolve and is discussed in the present review.
哺乳动物的着床和妊娠建立涉及到子宫上皮、基质、免疫细胞和胚胎滋养外胚层之间的激素、细胞因子、生长因子、蛋白质、脂质、离子和细胞外基质的复杂相互作用。在小鼠、人类和猪中，着床的不同性质不仅为妊娠建立和早期胚胎发育提供了有趣的对比，而且在早期子宫内膜-胚胎信号方面也存在有趣的相似之处。在着床期间，许多哺乳动物物种中表达的一种有趣的促炎细胞因子是白细胞介素 1β（IL1B）。IL1B 的存在可能与母体胎盘界面的免疫耐受有关，并被提议作为胎盘胎生的介质之一。IL1B 和其他促炎细胞因子的产生可能通过调节核因子 kappa-B（NFKB）系统在多种物种中在建立妊娠中发挥作用。目前正在讨论一种用于调节细胞孕激素受体表达和 NFKB 激活以用于子宫内膜容受性和胚胎附着的模型。
