Jia Ling-Yi, Xiao Jin-Hua, Niu Li-Ming, Ma Guang-Chang, Fu Yue-Guan, Dunn Derek W, Huang Da-Wei
Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, 571737, China.
Bull Entomol Res. 2014 Apr;104(2):164-75. doi: 10.1017/S0007485313000606. Epub 2013 Nov 29.
The mutualism between fig trees and their wasp pollinators is a model system for many ecological and evolutionary studies. However, the immature stages of pollinating fig wasps have rarely been studied. We monitored developing fig wasps of known ages and performed a series of dissections at 24 h intervals to identify key developmental traits of Ceratosolen solmsi marchali Mayr (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae), a pollinator of Ficus hispida L. (Moraceae). We identified where in the Ficus ovary eggs were deposited and time to hatch. We were also able to identify the timing and key underlying characters of five larval instars, three sub-pupal stages, and a single prepupal stage. We provide detailed morphological descriptions for the key stages and report some behavioral observations of the wasps in the several developmental stages we recorded. Scanning electron microscope images were taken.
榕树与其传粉黄蜂之间的互利共生关系是许多生态和进化研究的模式系统。然而，传粉榕小蜂的未成熟阶段很少被研究。我们监测了已知年龄的发育中的榕小蜂，并每隔24小时进行一系列解剖，以确定锈毛榕小蜂（膜翅目：榕小蜂科）的关键发育特征，锈毛榕小蜂是对叶榕（桑科）的一种传粉者。我们确定了卵在榕属植物子房中的沉积位置以及孵化时间。我们还能够确定五个幼虫龄期、三个亚蛹阶段和一个预蛹阶段的时间以及关键的潜在特征。我们提供了关键阶段的详细形态描述，并报告了我们记录的几个发育阶段中黄蜂的一些行为观察结果。拍摄了扫描电子显微镜图像。
