Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
Science. 2013 Nov 29;342(6162):1119-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1243140.
For decades, social psychological theories have posited that the automatic processes captured by implicit measures have implications for social outcomes. Yet few studies have demonstrated any long-term implications of automatic processes, and some scholars have begun to question the relevance and even the validity of these theories. At baseline of our longitudinal study, 135 newlywed couples (270 individuals) completed an explicit measure of their conscious attitudes toward their relationship and an implicit measure of their automatic attitudes toward their partner. They then reported their marital satisfaction every 6 months for the next 4 years. We found no correlation between spouses' automatic and conscious attitudes, which suggests that spouses were unaware of their automatic attitudes. Further, spouses' automatic attitudes, not their conscious ones, predicted changes in their marital satisfaction, such that spouses with more positive automatic attitudes were less likely to experience declines in marital satisfaction over time.
几十年来，社会心理学理论一直认为，内隐测量所捕捉到的自动过程对社会结果有影响。然而，很少有研究表明自动过程有任何长期影响，一些学者已经开始质疑这些理论的相关性，甚至是有效性。在我们的纵向研究的基线阶段，135 对新婚夫妇（270 人）完成了一项关于他们对婚姻关系的有意识态度的外显测量和一项关于他们对伴侣的自动态度的内隐测量。然后，他们在接下来的 4 年里每 6 个月报告一次他们的婚姻满意度。我们发现配偶的自动和有意识态度之间没有相关性，这表明配偶没有意识到自己的自动态度。此外，配偶的自动态度而不是有意识的态度预测了他们婚姻满意度的变化，即自动态度越积极的配偶随着时间的推移不太可能经历婚姻满意度的下降。
