Stanford Sleep Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3430 W. Bayshore Road, Palo Alto, Stanford, CA 94303, USA.
Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Feb;49:10-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.10.002. Epub 2013 Oct 11.
To examine how occupational activities (work, school), separation from parents, environmental conditions, stressors ad social insertion affect on the prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and mental health care-seeking among young adults.
Cross-sectional study conducted in two samples: 1) 19,136 subjective representative of the US non-institutionalized general population including 2082 18-26 y.o. subjects. 2) 2196 subjects representative of the students' population living on an university campus. Telephone interviews were realized using the Sleep-EVAL system to assess sleeping habits, general health, organic, sleep and mental disorders.
One-month prevalence of depressed mood was similar between community and campus student groups (21.7% and 23.4%), and less common than for working (23.6%) and non-working (28.2%) young adults in the community. One-month MDD was found in 12.0% of non-working young people, compared with 6.6% of young workers, 3.2% of on-campus students and 4.1% of students in the general population (p < 0.01). Correlates for depressive mood and MDD such as female gender, dissatisfaction with social life, obesity, living with pain and other factors were identified across groups. A minority of on-campus (10.8%) and general population students (10.3%) had sought mental health services in the prior year. Individuals with MDD had higher rates of care-seeking than other young people (p < 0.001), high rates of psychotropic medication use (p < 0.001).
Being a student appears to have a protective effect with respect to having depressive symptoms or MDD and seeking needed mental health care. Stress and social isolation were important determinants for depression among young adults.
研究职业活动（工作、学业）、与父母分离、环境条件、压力源和社会融入如何影响年轻人中重度抑郁障碍（MDD）的患病率和精神卫生保健寻求。
在两个样本中进行了横断面研究：1）19136 名美国非机构化一般人群的主观代表性样本，包括 2082 名 18-26 岁的受试者。2）居住在大学校园的大学生人群的 2196 名代表性受试者。使用 Sleep-EVAL 系统进行电话访谈，以评估睡眠习惯、一般健康、有机、睡眠和精神障碍。
社区和校园学生群体的一个月抑郁情绪患病率相似（21.7%和 23.4%），低于社区中工作（23.6%）和非工作（28.2%）年轻人。非工作年轻人中发现一个月 MDD 为 12.0%，而年轻工人为 6.6%，校园学生为 3.2%，一般人群为 4.1%（p<0.01）。在所有群体中，抑郁情绪和 MDD 的相关性因素，如女性性别、对社会生活的不满、肥胖、疼痛和其他因素都得到了确定。少数校园（10.8%）和一般人群学生（10.3%）在过去一年中寻求过精神卫生服务。MDD 患者的护理寻求率高于其他年轻人（p<0.001），精神药物使用率也较高（p<0.001）。
作为学生，在出现抑郁症状或 MDD 以及寻求必要的精神卫生保健方面似乎具有保护作用。压力和社会隔离是年轻人抑郁的重要决定因素。
