Gabbi Chiara, Warner Margaret, Gustafsson Jan-Åke
Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, 3056 Cullen Blv, 77204 Houston, Texas, USA.
Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, 3056 Cullen Blv, 77204 Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum S-141 86, Sweden.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2014 Apr 11;446(3):647-50. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.11.077. Epub 2013 Dec 1.
The two Liver X Receptors, LXRα and LXRβ, are nuclear receptors belonging to the superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. They share more than 78% homology in amino acid sequence, a common profile of oxysterol ligands and the same heterodimerization partner, Retinoid X Receptor. LXRs play crucial roles in several metabolic pathways: lipid metabolism, in particular in preventing cellular cholesterol accumulation; glucose homeostasis; inflammation; central nervous system functions and water transport. As with all nuclear receptors, the transcriptional activity of LXR is the result of an orchestration of numerous cellular factors including ligand bioavailability, presence of corepressors and coactivators and cellular context i.e., what other pathways are activated in the cell at the time the receptor recognizes its ligand. In this mini-review we summarize the factors regulating the transcriptional activity and the mechanisms of action of these two receptors.
两种肝脏X受体，即LXRα和LXRβ，是属于配体激活转录因子超家族的核受体。它们在氨基酸序列上具有超过78%的同源性，具有共同的氧化甾醇配体特征以及相同的异二聚体伴侣——视黄酸X受体。肝脏X受体在多种代谢途径中发挥关键作用：脂质代谢，特别是在防止细胞胆固醇积累方面；葡萄糖稳态；炎症；中枢神经系统功能和水运输。与所有核受体一样，肝脏X受体的转录活性是众多细胞因子协同作用的结果，这些细胞因子包括配体的生物利用度、共抑制因子和共激活因子的存在以及细胞环境，即受体识别其配体时细胞中其他哪些途径被激活。在本综述中，我们总结了调节这两种受体转录活性的因素及其作用机制。
