Division of Landscape Techniques, Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Forestry, Bartın University, Room no: 314, 74100, Bartın, Turkey,
Environ Monit Assess. 2014 Apr;186(4):2563-72. doi: 10.1007/s10661-013-3560-1. Epub 2013 Dec 4.
This study investigates the effects of forest transformation into recreation site. A fragment of a Pinus pinaster plantation forest was transferred to a recreation site in the city of Bartın located close to the Black Sea coast of northwestern Turkey. During the transformation, some of the trees were selectively removed from the forest to generate more open spaces for the recreationists. As a result, Leaf Area Index (LAI) decreased by 0.20 (about 11%). Additionally, roads and pathways were introduced into the site together with some recreational equipment sealing parts of the soil surface. Consequently, forest environment was altered with a semi-natural landscape within the recreation site. The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of forest transformation into recreation site particularly in terms of the LAI parameter, forest floor, and soil properties. Preliminary monitoring results indicate that forest floor biomass is reduced by 26% in the recreation site compared to the control site. Soil temperature is increased by 15% in the recreation site where selective removal of trees expanded the gaps allowing more light transmission. On the other hand, the soil bulk density which is an indicator of soil compaction is unexpectedly slightly lower in the recreation site. Organic carbon (C(org)) and total nitrogen (N(total)) together with the other physical and chemical parameter values indicate that forest floor and soil have not been exposed to much disturbance. However, subsequent removal of trees that would threaten the vegetation, forest floor, and soil should not be allowed. The activities of the recreationists are to be concentrated on the paved spaces rather than soil surfaces. Furthermore, long-term monitoring and management is necessary for both the observation and conservation of the site.
本研究调查了森林转变为娱乐区的影响。在土耳其西北部靠近黑海海岸的城市巴特因，一片火炬松人工林的片段被转移到一个娱乐区。在转变过程中，一些树木被有选择地从森林中移除，为娱乐者创造更多的开阔空间。结果，叶面积指数（LAI）下降了 0.20（约 11%）。此外，道路和小径被引入该场地，同时还引入了一些娱乐设备，覆盖了部分土壤表面。因此，森林环境在娱乐区发生了变化，形成了半自然景观。本研究的目的是评估森林转变为娱乐区的影响，特别是在 LAI 参数、林下地被物和土壤特性方面。初步监测结果表明，与对照区相比，娱乐区的林下地被物生物量减少了 26%。由于选择性地移除树木扩大了空隙，使更多的光线透过，娱乐区的土壤温度升高了 15%。另一方面，土壤容重（表示土壤紧实度的指标）出人意料地在娱乐区略低。有机碳（C(org)）和总氮（N(total)）以及其他物理和化学参数值表明，林下地被物和土壤没有受到太大干扰。然而，不应允许随后移除可能威胁到植被、林下地被物和土壤的树木。娱乐者的活动应集中在铺砌的空间，而不是土壤表面。此外，需要进行长期监测和管理，以观察和保护该场地。
