Diallel analysis for some quantitative characters in Petunia hybrida Hort.

Flowering time, plant height and flower size in Petunia hybrida Hort. (multiflora type) have been genetically analysed by means of a 5 × 5 diallel cross. The results indicated that: (1) the three characters are controlled by additive-dominance polygenic systems. The contribution of the additive gene actions to the genetic variance of flowering time was relatively higher than that of dominance. The reverse situation was found for plant height and flower size. (2) Dominance is ambi-directional for the three characters. Ratios of average dominance were in the range of partial for flowering-time, complete for plant height and overdominance for flower size. (3) Number of genes (or gene groups) controlling the characters are about 3, 3 and 5 for flowering time, plant height and flower size: respectively, (4) Heritability estimates are 0.84, 0.88 and 0.89 in the broad-sense and 0.40, 0.49 and 0.37 in the narrow-sense, for flowering time, plant height and flower size; respectively. (5) Heterosis as percent increase of the mean F1-hybrid above the higher parent, or decrease below the lower parent, was observed for flowering time (+ 9.7% to +13.3%), for plant height (-13.6% to -20.3%) and for flower size (+2.5% to +16.0%).