Department of Chemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
J Chem Ecol. 1985 Aug;11(8):1093-113. doi: 10.1007/BF01020678.
The defensive osmeterial secretion of pre-final instar larvae of the citrus swallowtail,Papilio demodocus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) was found to contain methyl 3-hydroxybutanoate, 3-hydroxybutanoic acid, α-pinene, myrcene, limonene, β-phellandrene, (Z)-ocimene, (E)-ocimene, β-caryophyllene, (E)-β-farnesene, and germacrene-A, as well as a further number of unidentified sesquiterpenoid constituents. The presence of germacrene-A in the secretion was inferred from the formation of β-elemene under certain GC conditions. Larvae of the second, third, and fourth instars produce qualitatively similar secretions. Remarkable quantitative differences were found between the secretions of individual larvae. These variations could not be correlated with the diet on which the larvae were fed, their sex, instar, or color form. However, in a number of larvae the two prongs of the osmeterium were found to produce quantitatively different secretions.
桔凤蝶预蛹末期幼虫的防御性额腺分泌物中含有甲基 3-羟基丁酸酯、3-羟基丁酸、α-蒎烯、月桂烯、柠檬烯、β-水芹烯、(Z)-罗勒烯、(E)-罗勒烯、β-石竹烯、(E)-β-法呢烯和大根香叶烯，以及其他一些未鉴定的倍半萜类成分。根据在某些 GC 条件下形成β-榄香烯，可以推断分泌物中存在大根香叶烯。第二、三、四龄幼虫产生的分泌物在质量上相似。个体幼虫的分泌物之间存在显著的定量差异。这些变化与幼虫的饮食、性别、龄期或颜色形态无关。然而，在一些幼虫中，发现额腺的两个叉状部分产生的分泌物在数量上存在差异。
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