Department of Sociology, University of Michigan, 48109, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
J Youth Adolesc. 1982 Aug;11(4):329-44. doi: 10.1007/BF01537174.
Traditional theories of delinquency causation generally fail to consider delinquency in the context of norms and age-role transitions peculiar to adolescence. Hence, in this study, an age-based theory of delinquency causation is developed, which assumes the importance of norms and roles specific to adolescence. This theory draws upon the assumption that socialization is recurrent, in contrast to the premises regarding socialization which underlie traditional theories of adolescent deviance. The recurrent model of socialization and that assumed by traditional theorists are discussed, and their implications for the causes of delinquent behavior are examined. Some effort is made to show that the recurrent model of socialization suggests an anomie of age as the basis for delinquent acts. It is suggested that this age-based anomie stems from conditions of normlessness associated with certain role transitions in adolescence and the pacing of these transitions. Further, it is suggested that certain groups are especially prone to an anomic age transition. The role transitions most likely to be subject to such anomic conditions and the adolescent subgroups most prone to experience anomie as a result of the pacing of their age-role transitions are identified.
传统的犯罪原因理论通常未能考虑到青少年特有的规范和年龄角色转变背景下的犯罪问题。因此，本研究提出了一种基于年龄的犯罪原因理论，该理论假设了特定于青少年的规范和角色的重要性。该理论借鉴了社会化是反复发生的假设，与传统的青少年越轨理论所基于的关于社会化的前提假设形成对比。讨论了反复发生的社会化模型和传统理论家所假设的模型，以及它们对犯罪行为原因的影响。本文试图表明，反复发生的社会化模型暗示了年龄失范是犯罪行为的基础。本文认为，这种基于年龄的失范源于与青少年时期某些角色转变相关的无规范条件，以及这些转变的节奏。此外，本文认为某些群体特别容易受到年龄失范的影响。确定了最有可能出现这种失范条件的角色转变，以及由于年龄角色转变节奏而最容易经历失范的青少年亚群体。
