Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014 May;20 Suppl 5:45-51. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12461. Epub 2014 Jan 24.
To overview the present global burden of pneumococcal disease is important because new preventive measures such as the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 13 are currently being evaluated. Pneumococcal disease is roughly divided into non-invasive and invasive disease. The burden of non-invasive pneumococcal disease in adults is mainly determined by community-acquired pneumonia. Pneumococcal pneumonia has high incidence rates and carries a high mortality risk, especially in the elderly. Within the cluster of invasive pneumococcal diseases, pneumonia also represents the most common infectious source. Incidence and mortality rates of both non-invasive and invasive disease have changed as a result of pneumococcal vaccination in children. However, especially elderly patients with comorbidities remain vulnerable to morbidity and mortality caused by pneumococcal disease. The current review summarizes the current knowledge on the epidemiology including outcome of the main clinical forms of pneumococcal disease, with a special focus on elderly patients. Furthermore, the economic burden and future vaccine strategies are briefly discussed.
概述当前全球肺炎球菌疾病负担很重要，因为目前正在评估新的预防措施，如肺炎球菌结合疫苗 13 型。肺炎球菌疾病大致分为非侵袭性和侵袭性疾病。成人非侵袭性肺炎球菌疾病的负担主要由社区获得性肺炎决定。肺炎球菌性肺炎的发病率高，死亡率高，尤其是老年人。在侵袭性肺炎球菌病的群集中，肺炎也是最常见的感染源。由于儿童接种肺炎球菌疫苗，非侵袭性和侵袭性疾病的发病率和死亡率都发生了变化。然而，特别是患有合并症的老年患者仍然容易受到肺炎球菌病引起的发病率和死亡率的影响。目前的综述总结了肺炎球菌疾病主要临床形式的流行病学，包括结局的最新知识，特别关注老年患者。此外，还简要讨论了经济负担和未来的疫苗策略。
