Department of Mathematics, University of Portsmouth, PO1 3HF, United Kingdom.
Phys Rev Lett. 2013 Nov 22;111(21):218001. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.218001. Epub 2013 Nov 18.
A spatial avalanche model is introduced, in which avalanches increase stability in the regions where they occur. Instability is driven globally by a driving process that contains shocks. The system is typically subcritical, but the shocks occasionally lift it into a near- or supercritical state from which it rapidly retreats due to large avalanches. These shocks leave behind a signature-a distinct power-law crossover in the avalanche size distribution. The model is inspired by landslide field data, but the principles may be applied to any system that experiences stabilizing failures, possesses a critical point, and is subject to an ongoing process of destabilization that includes occasional dramatic destabilizing events.
引入了一种空间雪崩模型，其中雪崩在发生的区域增加了稳定性。不稳定性由包含冲击的驱动过程在全局上驱动。系统通常处于亚临界状态，但冲击偶尔会将其提升到近临界或超临界状态，随后由于大型雪崩的发生，系统会迅速退回到亚临界状态。这些冲击会留下一个特征——在雪崩大小分布中出现明显的幂律交叉。该模型的灵感来自于滑坡现场数据，但这些原理可能适用于任何经历稳定失效、具有临界点且受到包括偶尔剧烈失稳事件在内的持续失稳过程影响的系统。
