Crop Science Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Theor Appl Genet. 1978 Jul;51(4):169-75. doi: 10.1007/BF00273142.
Haploids from Hordeum vulgare (2n = 14) X H. Bulbosum (2n = 14) crosses result after fertilization from the subsequent elimination of bulbosum chromosomes during early embryo development. Seed set from the cross is high but embryo culture is necessary to obtain seedlings. Application of gibberellin A3 (GA3) to pollinated florets was effective for increasing the frequency of haploid seedlings produced on both nutrient-fed detached tillers and intact plants. GA3 increased both seed set and embryo yield. The number of cells per embryo during its transition to the haploid state was increased two to three times following GA3 treatments. Enhanced embryo and endosperm development was attributed to increased mitotic activity. The number of visibly differentiated embryos was doubled to about 35 % of the cultured embryos after GA3 was applied to detached tillers in nutrient solution. About 70 % of the resulting haploid plants developed from the visibly differentiated embryos. The detached tiller technique offers a convenient method of culturing haploids from field-grown plants.
由普通大麦（2n = 14）与球茎大麦（2n = 14）杂交产生的单倍体，是在早期胚胎发育过程中通过消除球茎大麦染色体而受精形成的。该杂交种的结实率很高，但需要进行胚胎培养才能获得幼苗。在授粉的小花上施用赤霉素 A3（GA3）对于增加在营养供给的离体分蘖和完整植株上产生的单倍体幼苗的频率是有效的。GA3 增加了种子的结实率和胚胎的产量。在向单倍体状态转变期间，胚胎中的细胞数量增加了两到三倍。增强的胚胎和胚乳发育归因于有丝分裂活性的增加。在营养溶液中向离体分蘖上施用 GA3 后，可使明显分化的胚胎数量增加一倍，达到培养胚胎的 35%左右。大约 70%的单倍体植株是从明显分化的胚胎中发育而来的。离体分蘖技术为从田间生长的植物中培养单倍体提供了一种方便的方法。
