Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Aust Dent J. 2013 Dec;58(4):390-407; quiz 531. doi: 10.1111/adj.12118.
People who are highly anxious about undergoing dental treatment comprise approximately one in seven of the population and require careful and considerate management by dental practitioners. This paper presents a review of a number of non-pharmacological (behavioural and cognitive) techniques that can be used in the dental clinic or surgery in order to assist anxious individuals obtain needed dental care. Practical advice for managing anxious patients is provided and the evidence base for the various approaches is examined and summarized. The importance of firstly identifying dental fear and then understanding its aetiology, nature and associated components is stressed. Anxiety management techniques range from good communication and establishing rapport to the use of systematic desensitization and hypnosis. Some techniques require specialist training but many others could usefully be adopted for all dental patients, regardless of their known level of dental anxiety. It is concluded that successfully managing dentally fearful individuals is achievable for clinicians but requires a greater level of understanding, good communication and a phased treatment approach. There is an acceptable evidence base for several non-pharmacological anxiety management practices to help augment dental practitioners providing care to anxious or fearful children and adults.
高度担心接受牙科治疗的人约占人口的七分之一，需要牙科医生谨慎周到地管理。本文回顾了一些非药物治疗（行为和认知）技术，这些技术可在牙科诊所或手术室内使用，以帮助焦虑个体获得所需的牙科护理。为管理焦虑患者提供了实用建议，并对各种方法的证据基础进行了检查和总结。强调了首先识别牙科恐惧，然后了解其病因、性质和相关成分的重要性。焦虑管理技术包括良好的沟通和建立融洽关系，以及使用系统脱敏和催眠。一些技术需要专门的培训，但许多其他技术可用于所有牙科患者，无论其已知的牙科焦虑程度如何。结论是，临床医生可以成功管理牙科恐惧患者，但需要更高的理解、良好的沟通和分阶段的治疗方法。有一些非药物焦虑管理实践有可以接受的证据基础，可以帮助增强牙科医生为焦虑或恐惧的儿童和成人提供护理的能力。
