Department of Physiology, 2D01 Health Sciences, 107 Wiggins Rd., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, 2D01 Health Sciences, 107 Wiggins Rd., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
Chem Biol Drug Des. 2014 May;83(5):507-20. doi: 10.1111/cbdd.12268. Epub 2014 Mar 14.
For decades, biomedical and pharmaceutical researchers have worked to devise new and more effective therapeutics to treat diseases affecting the central nervous system. The blood-brain barrier effectively protects the brain, but poses a profound challenge to drug delivery across this barrier. Many traditional drugs cannot cross the blood-brain barrier in appreciable concentrations, with less than 1% of most drugs reaching the central nervous system, leading to a lack of available treatments for many central nervous system diseases, such as stroke, neurodegenerative disorders, and brain tumors. Due to the ineffective nature of most treatments for central nervous system disorders, the development of novel drug delivery systems is an area of great interest and active research. Multiple novel strategies show promise for effective central nervous system drug delivery, giving potential for more effective and safer therapies in the future. This review outlines several novel drug delivery techniques, including intranasal drug delivery, nanoparticles, drug modifications, convection-enhanced infusion, and ultrasound-mediated drug delivery. It also assesses possible clinical applications, limitations, and examples of current clinical and preclinical research for each of these drug delivery approaches. Improved central nervous system drug delivery is extremely important and will allow for improved treatment of central nervous system diseases, causing improved therapies for those who are affected by central nervous system diseases.
几十年来，生物医学和制药研究人员一直致力于设计新的、更有效的疗法来治疗影响中枢神经系统的疾病。血脑屏障有效地保护了大脑，但这对跨越这一屏障的药物输送构成了巨大的挑战。许多传统药物不能以可观的浓度穿过血脑屏障，大多数药物中只有不到 1%到达中枢神经系统，导致许多中枢神经系统疾病（如中风、神经退行性疾病和脑肿瘤）缺乏可用的治疗方法。由于大多数中枢神经系统疾病的治疗效果不佳，因此开发新型药物输送系统是一个非常关注和积极研究的领域。多种新型策略显示出有效传递中枢神经系统药物的潜力，为未来提供更有效和更安全的治疗方法。这篇综述概述了几种新型药物输送技术，包括鼻内药物输送、纳米颗粒、药物修饰、对流增强输注和超声介导药物输送。它还评估了这些药物输送方法中的每一种的可能的临床应用、局限性和当前临床前和临床研究的例子。改善中枢神经系统药物输送非常重要，它将使中枢神经系统疾病的治疗得到改善，从而为受中枢神经系统疾病影响的患者提供更好的治疗方法。
