Jette Shannon, Rail Geneviève
University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
Nurs Inq. 2014 Sep;21(3):202-11. doi: 10.1111/nin.12052. Epub 2013 Dec 13.
In this article, we use qualitative methodology to explore how 15 low-income women of diverse sociocultural location construct and experience health and weight gain during pregnancy, as well as how they position themselves in relation to messages pertaining to weight gain, femininity and motherhood that they encounter in their lives. Discussing the findings through a feminist poststructuralist lens, we conclude that the participants are complex, fragmented subjects, interpellated by multiple and at times conflicting subject positions. While the discourse of maternal responsibility (i.e. managing personal behaviours for the baby's health) is very much in evidence in their narratives, embodied experiences of pregnancy, lived experiences of financial constraints and religious beliefs provided some with an alternative discourse and resistant subject position. Participants also had mixed emotions about weight gain; they recognized the need to gain weight in order to have a healthy pregnancy, but weight gain was also not welcome as participants reproduced the dominant discourse of obesity and the discourse of 'feminine' bodily norms. Based on our results, we advocate for change to recent clinical guidelines and social discourses around pregnancy and weight gain, as well as for policies that provide pregnant women with a range of health-promoting resources.
在本文中，我们运用质性研究方法，探讨15位来自不同社会文化背景的低收入女性如何构建并体验孕期健康和体重增加，以及她们如何看待在生活中遇到的与体重增加、女性气质和母性相关的信息。通过女性主义后结构主义视角来讨论研究结果，我们得出结论：参与者是复杂、碎片化的主体，受到多种有时甚至相互冲突的主体位置的召唤。虽然母亲责任的话语（即为了宝宝的健康管理个人行为）在她们的叙述中非常明显，但怀孕的身体体验、经济限制的生活经历和宗教信仰为一些人提供了另一种话语和抵抗性的主体位置。参与者对体重增加也有复杂的情绪；她们认识到为了有一个健康的孕期需要增加体重，但体重增加也不受欢迎，因为参与者重现了肥胖的主流话语和“女性化”身体规范的话语。基于我们的研究结果，我们主张改变近期围绕怀孕和体重增加的临床指南和社会话语，以及制定为孕妇提供一系列促进健康资源的政策。
