Chemosphere. 2013 Nov;93(10):2593-602. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.082.
Cadmium (Cd) stress may cause serious physiological, ultramorphological and biochemical anomalies in plants. Cd-induced physiological, subcellular and metabolic alterations in two transgenic cotton cultivars (BR001, GK30) and their parent line (Coker 312) were evaluated using 10, 100 and 1000 µM Cd. Germination, fresh biomass of roots, stems and leaves were significantly inhibited at 1000 µM Cd. Root volume tolerance index significantly increased (124.16%) in Coker 312 at 1000 µM Cd. In non-Cd stressed conditions, electron micrographs showed well-configured root meristem and leaf mesophyll cells. At 1000 µM Cd, greater ultramorphological alterations were observed in BR001 followed by GK30 and Coker 312. These changes were observed in nucleus, vacuoles, mitochondria and chloroplast. Dense precipitates, probably Cd, were seen in vacuoles, which were also attached to the cell walls. A considerable increase in number of nuclei, vacuoles, starch granules and plastoglobuli was observed in the electron micrographs of both roots and leaves at 1000 µM Cd. MDA contents were higher in roots of BR001 at 1000 µM Cd. Mean values of SOD activity in leaves of both BR001 and GK30 at 1000 µM Cd significantly increased as compared to the controls. POD activity in roots of BR001 and Coker 312 was greater at all Cd (10, 100, 1000 µM) levels over the control. Regarding APX, highest percent increase (71.64%) in roots of GK30 at 1000 µM Cd was found. Non-significant differences in CAT activity were observed at all levels of Cd stress in leaves of BR001 and GK30. Both transgenic cotton cultivars and their parental line invariably responded towards Cd stress. However, Coker 312 showed Cd-resistant behavior as compared to its progeny lines (BR001 and GK30).
镉（Cd）胁迫可能会导致植物产生严重的生理、超微形态和生化异常。使用 10、100 和 1000μM Cd 评估了两种转基因棉花品种（BR001、GK30）及其亲本系（Coker 312）的 Cd 诱导的生理、亚细胞和代谢变化。在 1000μM Cd 下，发芽、根、茎和叶的鲜生物量显著受到抑制。在 1000μM Cd 下，Coker 312 的根体积耐受指数显著增加（124.16%）。在非 Cd 胁迫条件下，电子显微镜显示根分生组织和叶叶肉细胞结构良好。在 1000μM Cd 下，BR001 观察到更大的超微形态变化，其次是 GK30 和 Coker 312。这些变化发生在细胞核、液泡、线粒体和叶绿体中。在液泡中观察到密集的沉淀物，可能是 Cd，这些沉淀物也附着在细胞壁上。在 1000μM Cd 下，根和叶的电子显微镜照片中观察到细胞核、液泡、淀粉粒和质体小球的数量显著增加。BR001 根中的 MDA 含量在 1000μM Cd 时更高。与对照相比，1000μM Cd 下 BR001 和 GK30 叶片中的 SOD 活性平均值显著增加。BR001 和 Coker 312 根中的 POD 活性在所有 Cd（10、100、1000μM）水平上均高于对照。关于 APX，在 1000μM Cd 下，GK30 根中的最大百分比增加（71.64%）。在 BR001 和 GK30 的叶片中，在所有 Cd 胁迫水平下，CAT 活性均无显著差异。两种转基因棉花品种及其亲本系均对 Cd 胁迫作出反应。然而，与子代系（BR001 和 GK30）相比，Coker 312 表现出对 Cd 的抗性行为。
