a Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation , Calverton , Maryland.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2014;15(2):111-8. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2013.796042.
The National Roadside Survey is a study undertaken in the United States to determine the prevalence of alcohol and drugs in randomly selected drivers. Following the success of a 2006 pilot study, the 2007 survey incorporated, for the first time, the collection of biological specimens for drug analysis. This article compares the results obtained from blinded analyses of pairs of oral fluid and blood samples obtained from the same subject.
During the 2007 survey, more than 7000 nighttime drivers were randomly stopped and surveyed for their self-reported drug use and were requested to donate an oral fluid specimen using the Quantisal (Immunalysis Corporation, Pomona, CA) device and a blood sample. Overall, 5869 oral fluid specimens were collected from nighttime drivers with 3236 corresponding blood samples.
Biological specimens were analyzed for a wide range of drugs. At nighttime, 14.4 percent of the drivers were positive for drugs in oral fluid, with just over half of those having marijuana present (7.6%). Of the 3236 pairs of specimens, 2676 were negative for all drugs, and 326 matched pairs of samples were both positive, out of which 247 (75.8%) were an exact match for all drug classes and 70 (21.5%) were positive for at least one common drug class.
Oral fluid and blood samples provided very similar information regarding recent drug intake by randomly tested drivers and oral fluid yielded a higher detection rate for one drug (cocaine) than blood. Oral fluid can be considered a reliable alternative to blood as a matrix for drug testing.
国家路边调查是在美国进行的一项研究，旨在确定随机选择的驾驶员中酒精和毒品的流行率。在 2006 年试点研究成功之后，2007 年的调查首次纳入了收集用于药物分析的生物标本。本文比较了从同一受试者获得的经过盲法分析的成对唾液和血液样本的结果。
在 2007 年的调查中，7000 多名夜间驾驶员被随机拦下，调查他们的自我报告的药物使用情况，并要求使用 Quantisal（Immunalysis Corporation，Pomona，CA）设备和血液样本捐献唾液样本。总体而言，从夜间驾驶员中采集了 5869 份唾液样本，其中有 3236 份对应血液样本。
生物标本分析了广泛的药物。在夜间，14.4％的驾驶员在唾液中检测到药物阳性，其中超过一半的驾驶员有大麻存在（7.6％）。在 3236 对标本中，有 2676 对标本对所有药物均呈阴性，有 326 对匹配的标本均为阳性，其中 247 对（75.8％）对所有药物类别完全匹配，70 对（21.5％）对至少一种常见药物类别呈阳性。
唾液和血液样本提供了关于随机测试驾驶员近期药物摄入的非常相似的信息，并且唾液对一种药物（可卡因）的检测率高于血液。唾液可以被认为是药物测试中血液的可靠替代品。
