a Chemistry Division, Directorate of Science , Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology , Islamabad , Pakistan.
J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2014;49(4):463-77. doi: 10.1080/10934529.2014.854687.
A long-term study was undertaken to investigate the air quality of the Islamabad/Rawalpindi area. In this regard fine and coarse particulate matter were collected from 4 sites in the Islamabad/Rawalpindi region from 1998 to 2010 using Gent samplers and polycarbonate filters and analyzed for their elemental composition using the techniques of Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA), Proton Induced X-ray Emission/Proton Induced Gamma-ray Emission (PIXE/PIGE) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectroscopy. The elemental data along with the gravimetric measurements and black carbon (BC) results obtained by reflectance measurement were used to approximate or reconstruct the particulate mass (RCM) by estimation of pseudo sources such as soil, smoke, sea salt, sulfate and black carbon or soot. This simple analysis shows that if the analytical technique used does not measure important major elements then the data will not be representative of the sample composition and cannot be further utilized for source apportionment studies or to perform transboundary analysis. In this regard PIXE/PIGE and XRF techniques that can provide elemental compositional data for most of the major environmentally important elements appear to be more useful as compared to NAA. Therefore %RCM calculations for such datasets can be used as a quality assurance (QA) measure to treat data prior to application of chemometrical tools such as factor analysis (FA) or cluster analysis (CA).
进行了一项长期研究，以调查伊斯兰堡/拉瓦尔品第地区的空气质量。为此，1998 年至 2010 年期间，使用 Gent 采样器和聚碳酸酯过滤器从伊斯兰堡/拉瓦尔品第地区的 4 个地点收集了细颗粒物和粗颗粒物，并使用中子活化分析（NAA）、质子诱发 X 射线发射/质子诱发伽马射线发射（PIXE/PIGE）和 X 射线荧光（XRF）光谱技术分析其元素组成。将元素数据与重量测量和通过反射率测量获得的黑碳（BC）结果一起用于通过估算土壤、烟雾、海盐、硫酸盐和黑碳或烟尘等伪来源来近似或重建颗粒物质量（RCM）。这种简单的分析表明，如果使用的分析技术没有测量重要的主要元素，那么数据将不能代表样品的组成，也不能进一步用于源分配研究或进行跨界分析。在这方面，与 NAA 相比，能够提供大多数主要环境重要元素的元素组成数据的 PIXE/PIGE 和 XRF 技术似乎更为有用。因此，对于这些数据集，%RCM 计算可以用作质量保证（QA）措施，在应用化学计量工具（如因子分析（FA）或聚类分析（CA））之前处理数据。
